Madame Bovary Essay

Madame Bovary Essay Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert is the mid nineteenth century story of a French lady named Emma Bovary in middle class society, who enthusiastically however foolishly seeks after the marvelous life that her creative mind strains toward. She attempts to fill her vacancy with books, with dreams, with sex, and with things. This craving for additional, and the contrast between her dream and the truth, is the thing that at last devastates Emma. The ball at Vaubyessard is the scene wherein Emmas discontent with her marriage is additionally upgraded by the heavenly showcase of extravagance and by the thrill of the ball. The ball gives her a sample of the fulfillment of living her figments, which makes her fear much more the dullness of the real world. Flaubert delineates the underhanded impacts of perusing, the vacancy of sentimental deceptions, just as the enticements of extravagance and bad form through the scene of the ball at Vaubyessard. He utilizes methods of differentiating symboli sm, negative meaning, and amusing tone so as to complete his subject. The scene of the ball at Vaubyessard is brimming with reoccurring pictures that speak to Emmas life, portend future occasions, and bolster the subjects. Emma dressed with the fastidious consideration of an entertainer making her introduction. (Page 67) Indeed the ball was a genuine occasion that mirrors the substance of Emmas books, and Emma feels as though she is putting on a show of the courageous woman. This sensation is the thing that she attempts to seek after for a mind-blowing remainder. Her steady endeavors to make this unspoiled world for herself lead to her ethical degeneracy and monetary obliteration. Her inability to fulfill these wants eventually prompts her express frustration. A hireling getting on a seat broke two windowpanes; at the clamor of the broke glass, Madame Bovary looked round and saw a few workers, their faces squeezed to the window Then the memory of Les Bertaux returned to her, she saw the homestead once more. (Page 69) This is nevertheless a concise inte rruption of reality to Emmas marvelous involvement with the ball. The broke glass symbolism is anticipating Emmas broke life because of the visual deficiency of her sentimental goals. The laborers at the window speak to Emmas reality, and furthermore anticipate her possible harsh frustration when all that she seeks after neglects to give her bliss. The picture of the circle, which reoccurs all through the book, speaks to Emmas enthusiastic circles and her circulatory life. They started gradually, at that point moved all the more quickly. Everything was pivoting them, the lights, furniture, framing, and the floor, similar to a plate on a turn. (Page 70) Emma said nothing and watched the wheels turn. (Page 72) The turning and turning is a symbolism of Emma losing control of her life. Emma is trapped in the middle of departure and imprisonment. She endeavors over and over to get away from an amazing commonness by understanding books, having illicit relationships, staring off into space, moving from town to town, and purchasing extravagant things, however at long last she is left in enthusiastic strife. Along the column of situated ladies, painted fans were shuddering, bundles half covered grinning countenances, and gold-plug aroma bottles were being turned fifty-fifty opened hands. Ribbon trimmings, precious stone pins, and wristbands with mementos trembled on bodices, shimmered on bosoms, jingled on uncovered arms. (Page 68) You could hear the clunking of gold coins dropping onto the card tables in the following room; at that point everything started simultaneously. (Page 68) These two citations give the shallow symbolism of the ball. It is all that Emma is longing for, the richness and the satisfaction. Emma attempts to fill an amazing vacancy with material things, however they wind up being the very things that at last obliterate her. A lady close to her dropped her fan as a man moved by. The respectable man stooped down, and as he connected, Emma saw the youthful womans hand toss something white, collapsed into a triangle, into his cap. (Page 70) Exotic plants bristling with shaggy leaves rose in pyramids underneath hanging jars, which, as packed snakes home. wound green rings over their edges. (Page 72) These are pictures of misdirection and unfairness, different strategies that Emma uses to seek after her hopeful sentiments. On two events she is convinced that infidelity can give her the awe inspiring life that her creative mind evokes, and the multiple times she is left inclination sharply frustrated. Flaubert utilizes a wide range of procedures in tending to his subjects. He composes neither as an outsider looking in, nor the first, yet with shifting story. Occasions are recorded as though from the perspective of a specific character yet not in that characters voice. Flaubert holds a separation that brings out objectivity yet in addition appears to be contemptuous. His characters all appear to be ludicrous. When Rodolphe Boulanger tempts Emma, for instance, they are at a nation reasonable and he murmurs over the sound of a ranch spouse winning an honor for her pig. To Boulanger, his triumphant of Emma is not any more significant than the womans winning of pig meat. Incongruity is consolidated when a characters discernment totally varies based on what is evident to the peruser. One model would be Emmas impression of the marquis father-in-law and what we know from Flauberts depiction. There was one elderly person eating, twisting around his very much filled platter with his napkin hitched in back like a kid, drops of sauce spilling from his mouth. Emma couldn't shield herself from gazing at the leeway mouthed elderly person as somebody exceptional and regal. He had inhabited Court and rested in the bed of sovereigns! (Page 67) Emma sees a decent, magnificent old Duke of Laverdiere, while the peruser sees a slobbering elderly person. Flauberts determination of definite portrayal is significant in completing his unexpected tone. He shows the peruser the triviality of Emmas discernment with the portrayal of Lace trimmings, precious stone pins, and arm bands with mementos trembled on bodices, shimmered on bosoms, jingled on exposed arms. (Page 68) He specifies nothing about the individuals under these designs in light of the fact that Emma doesn't see them. Another strategy Flaubert utilizes is differentiating pictures. The peruser sees what Emma recalls on Les Bertaux versus what she sees at the ball. It presents to the peruser Emmas passionate battle among break and restriction, the perfect versus reality, her impression of living a novel and the dread of leaving it. Emma Bovary is beguiled by writing since she is looking for euphoria and amazing quality. She is searching for a higher, more significant life than the one accessible to her as the spouse of a middle class nation specialist, and in this journey she finds just implosion. She kicks the bucket since she has endeavored to make her life into a novel. The location of the ball at Vaubyessard is setting the stage and anticipating her destiny. At Vaubyessard Emma first has the experience of feeling as though she is living in a novel, and it is the thing that she continues seeking after to her definitive downfall. 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Relationship between christianity, judaism, and islam Research Paper

Connection between christianity, judaism, and islam - Research Paper Example This word, generally and literarily, is viewed as undecided since it tends to be deciphered as a basic battle with one’s sense of self and it could likewise be deciphered as a demonstration of physical viciousness against the heathens. Muslims were constantly blamed for taking up arms against the non-adherents. They were not by any means the only ones that have battled for the sake of religion in light of the fact that even Jews and Christians did.2 Dr. M. Amir Ali contended in this regard â€Å"jihad is typically connected with Islam and Muslims, however in actuality the idea of Jihad is found in all religions including Christianity, Judaism and political/monetary ideologies†¦Islam characterizes Jihad as endeavoring and battling for development just as retaliating to safeguard one’s self, resources and homeland.†3 Strangely, in the Christian convention, Jesus is consigned to the degree of God and he is seen as the guardian angel of all mankind. In any case, in Islam he is viewed as a Prophet who was depended to satisfy God’s strategic earth. All the time, such distinction in ideologies lead to strict clashes as each religion endeavors its best and most extreme to force its statements of faith in the midst of individuals. This is the reason it is suggested that a feeling of regard and resistance ought to be created so as to help these Abrahamic beliefs coincide. Scholar and strict researchers have in this manner to sanctify all the endeavors so as to reevaluate an inappropriate significance of Jihad and right a few deceptions that are applicable to certain forms of the

Terrorism---criminal justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Fear mongering - criminal equity - Coursework Example The discussion on this subject has to a great extent been maintained a strategic distance from and there is small understanding among people in general on this issue. Amimut alludes to the Israel official approach of hiding data on atomic weapons received in 1969 in the Nixon-Meir bargain. Amimiut is a Hebrew expression that implies vagueness or haziness. Amimut developed out of different choices that were persistently executed because of vital and political needs of the nation. In the mid 1970s Shalhevveth Freier and the group of Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) shaped the guidelines of the national tenet on atomic arrangement. The explanations behind the country’s ownership of atomic were differed. A few heads were of the supposition that the country’s ownership of atomic is an image of the nation having a weapon of last outcome. Different pioneers were of the sentiment that Israel ought not be the primary nation in the Middle East to be in control of atomic. During the Six-Day War, the then head of Mossad, General Meir Amit was of the feeling that if Israel had atomic weapons, this would go about as a motivating force for So viet Union to gracefully Egypt with atomic weapons. After a mishap that happened in Dimona complex in 1966 that left one individual dead, the then Prime Minister of Israel Eshkol was shaken about the atomic task and was of the feeling American tact could be a superior technique. Nonetheless, after substantial setbacks that Israel endured in the Six-Day War he adjusted his perspective and upheld the possibility of the nation making a weapon and testing it in the desert in order to show the country’s atomic capacity (Cohen, A., 2013). Israel was likewise compelled to make a position of not been a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). This position was on the grounds that NPT was against the nations gained atomic capacities. NPT likewise needed sufficient assurances against security by atomic having nations, for example, the Soviet Union. In spite of the overwhelming idea of the

Report on the Business Skills Analysis of the Small Business Enterpris

Question: Depict about the Report on the Business Skills Analysis of the Small Business Enterprises? Answer: Official rundown The business expertise is required to build up a business technique of a little scope undertaking with the assistance of the administration abilities, relational aptitudes and business aptitudes. These abilities are mostly utilized in the activity assignment of the business. The administration standards are significant for the little scope endeavors to develop in the economy. Now and then as a result of the non-collaboration or not appropriately relegated administration aptitudes can make the new business movement endured and just as some others factors likewise get disturbed in the business procedure. So it is generally imperative to comprehend the idea of the business aptitudes which give a lift to the business exercises. The authority of the business should offer needs to the private venture are money related, promoting, and acquisition aptitudes. There are some more abilities are used to help a business to develop are some lawful, business, and innovative aptitudes with help of these exercises the independent venture endeavors going to develop in the economy (Abdi, 2013). As per the many research and overview by the proprietor of the business is clarified that advancing business and speculation arranging is the most two significant abilities are required for the development of the little scope endeavors in the economy of a country. The exploration study said that promoting and money related abilities are the most required business aptitudes in the economy, proprietor of the business are primarily center around these models for better administrations in the general public. Presentation The development of the economy is principally relies on the commitment of the little endeavors in the nation. In numerous nations little undertakings are essentially gear up the general public turn of events and just as addition in the total national output of the nation by giving the enormous work opportunity and occupation based preparing for the representatives of the organization. As indicated by the examination the little firms of nation are the most noteworthy activity supplier and just as contributing colossal offer in the improvement of the earth and nation (Adendorff and Vilakazi, 2013). In numerous nations little scope business are making immense benefit and just as likewise commitment of their in the general public by making higher measure of individuals employable. As per the some scientist the little scope business substances are making half in addition to opening for work in the nation United Kingdom and furthermore in the nation India the little scope ventures are contributing 40% gross estimation of enterprises and 37% on the fares exercises from the economy India. The total national output of the nation Malaysia is lesser than the little firms development in the Malaysian economy. There is some most significant job performed by the little scope business in the various nations by utilizing the best possible business aptitudes (Agnes U, 2013). As indicated by the some specialist the little endeavors are more in nature as opposed to other people. The economy of the nations is basically evolved by this sort of business undertakings by giving the equivalent pay level, upgrading government assistance for the economys average citizens and by using the correct asset of the economy. The little scope firms are having abilities to expands the drawn out objective for the country. The exploration said that little ventures having apprehension of disappointment in their assessment stage itself. There are some of business ventures which are faces disappointment during their couple of long periods of the foundation. Just not many of them can cop up with their endurance circumstances and rest of tumble down inside the five years term of time. There are 6% of little scope ventures which are going to make due for the over 10 years in the economy. Each nation around the having same sort of encounters about the little scope business (Aishah Bua and Idayu, 2011). Those gathering of individuals or the business authority began business with not adequate aptitudes for the better administration ought to be the fundamental disadvantages of the disappointment of the business. The little scope undertakings are for the most part having business to give a specific item and administrations at a moderate rates. The little scope business can't satisfy the political and social chang es of the nation. Primarily little ventures of retailers which is begun in the shopping center and grocery store are for the most part reaches to the objective with the help of catching potential market of the economy. The little scope endeavors having numerous aptitudes inbuilt to help their business and road brilliance trademark and other administration abilities required to make effective to any little scope business element (Malul and Shoham, 2013). SWOT Analysis of the Small Scale Enterprises in the Economy The little scope undertakings are principally claimed by a people and a gathering of individuals in the business by recruiting scarcely any quantities of workers for their business activity. The business undertakings can be little as far as the business movement, resources portions and net income of the business action. As indicated by the money related structure of the economy is relies for the little scope business of that economy for instance the bread shops, cafés, and some other assembling concern (Mascle, 2013). The SWOT examination is essentially utilized by the organization to quantify their methodologies of the business with the different business dangers in nature. There are a few variables are inside gives sway on the business or some of them are remotely influences the business targets and procedures shaped by the business specialists (Alhabeeb and Moffitt, 2013). Quality investigation gives the thought regarding the business exercises benefits for the substance in the economy. The shortcomings of the business are characterizing that what business substance need to improve later on. Open doors for the business are principally relies on the outside condition for higher benefit and deals exercises. The dangers factors are primarily gives positive alarm to the business condition about the outer challenges inconvenience the exercises of the business substance. Qualities There are a few qualities are following in nature for the little scope ventures to develop in the economy of country. Imaginativeness Creativity are the highlights for the little scope industry to investigate the business exercises. The capacity to pull in the clients by advancement of new items and administrations with the help of their inventive group. The auspicious advance to change the patterns and the business exercises by taking snappy choices about their business systems (Baker, 2013). Versatility to Change is the most adaptable trait of the business which drives business to perform effectively in the market as indicated by the progressions occurs in the patterns of the market and taste and inclinations changes of the clients of the organization. Independency is the additionally a decent element of the little scope endeavors to develop in the market freely with the individual substance correspondence. As per the investigation it is known as that those organization who are built up by the little proprietors are for the most part stopped from their activity from some global organization and went into business undertakings to gain the benefit of the business and the leader of the business (Baron, 2012). Great Customer Relationship is the correct method of the achievement of their business by legitimately associated with the clients identified with the business exercises. In the little scope business the administration authority of the business can without much of a stretch take the audit and criticism of the administrations and items gave by the organization and making a decent connection with them for the better future reference of the business (Roebuck, 2012). Shortcomings The little scope business element are for the most part unfit to arrive at the correct number of the potential clients for the development of the business. As per the clients observation the little scope element can't gracefully the great nature of items and administrations like huge organizations (Basile, 2012). Monetary status The little scope ventures are for the most part going to arrive at the putting cash in the business is from their own pocket. Chiefly this sort of the association are not bolstered by the monetary organizations and the banks since they can't dependable on the manageability of the business. Capital venture The proprietor of the business is for the most part contributed alone the colossal measure of cash the assembling exercises of the business which gives the enormous money related strain to the proprietor of the business alone and it is a disservice for the economy just as the organization. Evasion of the executives aptitudes The substances are fundamentally evade the administration strategies to make easy to their business exercises are for the most part taking the business towards disappointment in light of the coming up short on the administrative aptitudes development for the running industry element appropriately in the economy. Ill-advised Utilization of Information Technology As per the overview and research the organization which is having little scope business are not using the best possible IT data and utilizing advance advances to develop their business in the economy. Principally it is accepted that those business endeavors really utilizes the data innovation are having immense development in their business substance. Openings As per the exploration the legislature of any country giving bunches of chances to the little scope undertakings. There are enormous quantities of associations and systems kept up for the little ventures to develop the general public or in the economy (Brustbauer, 2014). There are bunches of systems and the arrangement made for the back help of the little undertakings like import send out approaches, evaluating strategies and so on there are a few guidelines for the advancement exercises of these sort of little endeavors by the administration sources. There are some board of trustees additionally made by the legislature to deal with the association which is managing in sma

Why it is Important to Develop an Investigative Mindset - 1100 Words

Why it is Important to Develop an Investigative Mindset (Essay Sample) Content: INVESTIGATIVE MINDSET(Authors name)(Institutional Affiliation)Key words: Investigative, MindsetIntroductionThe investigative mindset is a conceptual and practical technique of investigative that encourages detectives and other involved parties to remain open minded and all inclusive through the entire process of an investigation. (Rossmo, 2009, 102) An investigative mindset demands a hawkish, skeptical approach and attitude in the identification, analysis, evaluation and pursuit of information relevant to each stage of investigative engagement, considering and anticipating that it actually could be false, biased or incomplete (Newseum, 2009). Strict adherence to this technique is valuable in identifying and evaluating relevant issues, avoiding emotional involvement, gauging plausibility of possible underlying assumptions, maintaining crucial objectivity, considering substance over sentiments and developing well thought- out and practical hypotheses for addressing the subject of investigation (College of Policing, 2013). Its application can essentially lessen the risks of detectives making premature decisions and developing adjudged personal biases since premature decision making is by far the most common cause for miscarriage of justice (Rachel, 2013,11). As thus, this technique could significantly lessen this risk and is extremely important to the investigative process. This paper therefore, seeks to delve into the critical review the various principles of investigative mindset to determine their relative effectiveness in the investigative process.The Investigative MindsetTheory of transferCriminal investigations to a large extent hinge on the theory of transfer which says that when two objects interact, some effect of that interaction cant be established and verified immediately but at a later time (Ward and Heerema, 2013,7). Conceptualization of this theory helps investigators to cognitively navigate complex and interrelated investigative p rocesses so as to prevent the inadvertent loss of key pieces to the process or the failure to identify and preserve evidentiary materials as this contact between subjects of the investigation includes people, things or both (Dershowitz, 1996, 78). For instance, a gun used in crime can make physical contact with a victim or perpetrator, transferring blood, skin, hair, clothing fibers, gun powder or any other impression to the weapon or the perpetrator and also establish a sort of link between the assailant and the victim. The theory is essential in keeping tabs with any turn and developments that could arise in the course of an investigation (ACPO, 1998). Consequentially, this theory keeps a given investigation open and in progress as it develops on to conclusion and creates development of crucial links. It is therefore a major aspect of the concept of an investigative mindset. The theory however has inherent weakness in that it would require huge amounts of resources and personnel t o keep up with the many intricate issues that could arise in a single case (College of Policing. (2014). It also leaves an investigation impractically too wide to narrow down to workable approaches. That said, the concept is key in dealing with the complexities of modern day complex criminal investigations and is therefore very useful in thoroughly probing cases beyond reasonable doubt in accordance to the rule of law.Crime pattern theoryThis theory attempts to explain why certain crimes are committed in some areas or why some people are more likely to commit particular crimes. The theory therefore puts emphasis on why investigators should make certain small generalizations when probing certain crimes or suspects on basis of likelihood since ones experiences and way of life predispose them to certain behaviors or areas, primarily their awareness space (Watts,2003, 54). The theory is strong since it majors on the elements of peoples experiences to establish an investigation approach as well as narrow down on potential motives and possibilities. It is integral in the concept of investigative mindset by creating general possibilities. It has gaping weaknesses however as it is prone to manipulation. It is increasingly easy to undermine in a world where communication, mobility and experiences are easily and widely shared. In this respect, it is highly vulnerable to exposing people to wrongful convictions and as such, should be used in cooperation with other investigative theories for effect.Rational choice theoryThe theory states that a criminal goes through an evaluation process to determine perceived gains, needs, risk, possibilities of apprehension, punishment and other situational considerations like potential targets and location (Britton, 1997, 4). Investigators largely use this theory to gauge potential motivations, influences and general motives during the investigation process. The theory is priceless in the sense that it links various aspects of evidentia l and situational developments of an investigation hence, largely supplements the concept of investigative mindset to investigators (Tong and Bryant, 2009,6). It is however limited by the fact that interpretation is done in the perspective of the investigator and not the suspect. This leaves a huge chance for misinterpretation as well as general notion to use a pattern to evaluate possibilities.Routine activity theoryIt is closely related to the rational choice theory in approach. It states that crimes of a predatory nature and thrive upon three variables namely; a suitable target, absence of a capable guardian or other interventions and motivated offenders (Siegel, 2009:67). Such crimes are generally carried out by people who have general routine interactions with victims, usually in social places (Riedel, 2011: 45). These targets generally have very predictable vulnerabilities that the perpetrator is aware of. This theory is important to investigators when especially investigating crimes carried out by suspects deemed to be socially close the victims. Limitations however emerge on its ability to prove cases beyond reasonable doubt and generally relies on evidential materials as well as input from other theories and circumstantial evidences for conclusive evaluation.ConclusionIn conclusion, it is notable that while investigations generally aim to seek answers to various aspects of the concept of an investi...

Appeals Process Term Paper - 825 Words

Appeals Process (Term Paper Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Institution:Date:Appeals ProcessIntroductionAccording to Blackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Law Dictionary (2004) an appeal is a payer/petition to a superior court to review or formally change the decision of a subordinate court with the intention that the decision be reversed. It is not a new hearing because the appeal courts donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t retry cases. The party that lodges the appeal request is referred to as the petitioner/appellant whereas the other party is referred to as the respondent. Usually, appeals are filed by parties that lose in cases or are unhappy with the final decisions made by subordinate courts.(Monteldo, 2014) In the United States of America the Supreme Court is the highest court in the hierarchy and its decisions are binding. In the Supreme Court, the petitioner files a certiorari and if it is successful the court will then grant a certiorari. A certiorari is the document used to file an appeal request in the Supreme Court.The Appeal Process and the Overall Criminal ProcedureAppeals are filed by parties that lose in cases or are unhappy with the final decisions made by subordinate courts and want to challenge those decisions in superior courts with the intention of reversing them on grounds of errors of law or facts or failure to follow due process. The petitioner must convince the court that the lower court erred in its final decision. There is no specific or absolute right to appeal decisions from subordinate courts enshrined in the U.S. constitution but this right can be inferred from the provisions governing due process in the constitution. (Carrington et al, 1976)In a civil both parties can appeal subordinate courtsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ verdict whereas in criminal proceedings only the accused can appeal. Appeals in the U.S. judicial system are governed by the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. (Carrington et al, 1976)The aggrieved party in criminal proceedings may appeal (within the set statutory timeline) a subordinate cour tà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s final verdict to a superior court through a written brief explaining the erroneous application of the law by the trial (lower) court in its final decision. During the appeal hearing the court reviews the trial courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s proceedings which are on record for errors. After reviewing the appeal, the court will reverse the verdict or issue a remand for a fresh trial if it is discovered that the trial courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s proceedings contain reversible errors. However, if the court finds no errors it will affirm the lower courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s final verdict by applying the stare decis (let the decision stand as it is) principle. (Orfield, 1934)The U.S. Supreme Court mostly reviews appeals on constitutional issues. In Scott v. Illinois, 440 U.S. 367 (1979), the appellant appealed after being denied the right to appointed state counsel at his expense and convicted of the offense of shoplifting after a bench trial. Both the intermediate appellate and Supreme Courts of Illinois affirmed the final conviction of the trial court and stated that the court wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t obligated to extend its decision in Argersinger v Hamlin (1972) to the case. The aggrieved petitioner further lodged his appeal in the U.S. Supreme Court. In itsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ judgment, the court affirmed the Supreme Court of Illinoisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ decision that the Constitution did not require the trial court to appoint a state counsel for the petitioner.Courts must adhere to all criminal procedures and processes enshrined in the amendments to the constitution which is the supreme law of the land. Appeals factor in the criminal procedure because the appeal process in criminal cases starts after a final conviction in a subordinate trial court. Appeals strive to refine and expound the substantive doctrine and procedures in the criminal justice system. (Arkin, 1992).Usually, the legal errors alleged by the petitioner are likely to have occurred during the trial itself or the criminal justice procedur es leading up to the trial process. The courts of appeal will review and examine pre-trial procedures such as the way searches and interrogations were conducted and how the trial proceedings such as according legal representation to the accused were carried. The court will use the findings from the review to determine whether the trial courts erred in its application of the law and as a result acted unconstitutionally.The final and binding decisions arrived at by the courts of appeal directly affects the criminal procedures and processes because those decisions will form precedent that will affect the prosecution, police force and judicial officers such as trial magistrates and judges. For example if the police erred during...

A Formal Description For A Youth Gang - 1503 Words

Adolescence is a time of life spanning from the ages of 13 till about 25 when the brain has fully developed. It is a period of life characterized by many up and downs where the individual experiences multiple personal changes (Gladding, 2012, p. 255). In this time of turbulence young individuals may enter into groups that society often refers to as gangs. It is accurate to say that gangs contribute immensely to crime and delinquency however, to say that this is the purpose of all gangs would be misleading. Gangs should instead be seen as existing on a continuum, some ranging from groups of peers who spend time together and may get into trouble, to others who participate in more serious crimes (Gorden, 2000, p. 4). In terms of a specific definition for a gang, there really is not one that has been fully accepted by all. 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All were African American. Newark police officers stopped their car in the rain, pulled the three out, and held them at gunpoint while the car was searched. JamesRead MoreJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pages17 Terrorism and Multinational Criminal Justice chapter 18 The Future of Criminal Justice These individual rights must be effectively balanced against these present and emerging community concerns: Widespread drug abuse among youth The threat of juvenile crime Urban gang violence High-technology, computer, and Internet crime (cybercrime) Terrorism and narcoterrorism Occupational and whitecollar crime  ©  © A right to privacy A right to be assumed innocent A right against self-incrimination A right

Historical Development Of Personnel And Human Resource...

INTRODUCTION Within an organisation the human resource management department is very important. It is essential to keep employees happy for companies to achieve the maximum profits. This reports main aim is to cover the historical development of personnel and human resource management and how it has changed from the days of Robert Owen in the Victorian era to the 21st century. This report will also include definitions of personnel and human resource management along with their main functions. DEFINITION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Human resource management is the division of a company that is focused on activities relating to its most valuable resource – the employees. There are several HRM areas, however there are six essential functions of an employee in this department. These are, recruitment, employee relations, compensation and benefits, safety, training and development and finally compliance (Mayhew, 2014). An efficiently run human resource management department can present your company with structure and the ability to meet business aims. HOW HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DIFFERS TO PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT There is much confusion over human resource management and the difference it has to personnel management. â€Å"The major difference between personnel management vs. human resource management is that personnel management is the traditional approach and human resource management represents the modern approach toward managing people in an enterprise.† (Nayab, 2013).Show MoreRelatedHistorical Development of Hr Manager (Ireland)1673 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Development of Hr Manager (Ireland) In explaining the historical development of the personnel function of the Hr manager, I will begin by giving a brief description of the 6 different types of personnel manager: The Social Reformer Before personnel emerged as a specialist management activity at the beginning of the 20th century there were those who intervened in industrial affairs to support the severely under privileged factory workers. 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This time period saw a lack of human resource management due to â€Å"inequality, inflexibilityRead MoreHow Strategic Management Plan And The Human Resource Planning Process1410 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: For this assignment we will examine how strategic management plans are established and redefine to keep the organizations moving forward in growth. Management promotes and brings about a change in the structure to keep it active and efficient in the approaches to achieving its goals and objective. The strategy behind the approaches correlation is what leads to actually implementing and providing data to analyze on an ongoing basis to enhance the strategic plan of the organization. TheRead MoreThe Role Of Human Resource Management And Personnel Management1439 Words   |  6 Pagesover the past few hundred years, mainly due to the development of the most essential part of an organisation. The Human Resource Department. 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Definition s of SHRM are represented as; a human resource system designed for the mandates of business strategy and a planned model of human resources activities to allow the organization toRead MoreGovernment Employees Services Division ( Gesd ) Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagespayroll/personnel operations, and web applications. These six division work together to provide software development and maintenance, customer service, and business development services such as payroll/personnel, human resource (HR), and insurance lines of business to various government agencies and internal organizations. GESD maintains various business data sets on payroll, personnel, billings, etc. These data are used by GESD’s customer service representatives, financial management analystsRead MoreHuman Resource Management Development Into A Prevailing Application Of Research1085 Words   |  5 PagesConsequently, is it not surprising that the literature of the 1990s points to human resource management’s development into a prevailing application of research. Marciano (1995) suggests that human resource management had practically displaced â€Å"personnel and in many schools threatening to supplant industrial relations and organizational behavior† (p. 223). Yet, at the same time defining human resource management was elusive with the inability â€Å"in identifying its boundaries, or in distinguishing itRead MoreThe Labour Management s History1297 Words   |  6 Pagesthe power of relation in an historical perspective is going to be explained. Human Resource Management is defined as a strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the people working in organization. Beer (1984),â€Å"All management decisions and actions that affect the nature of the relationship between organization and its employees – its human resources.† while Storey (1995), â€Å"A distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive

Analysis Of The Book Clotel Or The Presidents Daughter

In the novel Clotel or The President’s Daughter, Williams Wells Brown’s use of irony as Europe, particularly France, as a pivotal setting for the liberation of African Americans from the bondage of slavery, by virtue of its political and social demeanor, contrasted from the United States of America. In the Letter Exchange between Benjamin Banneker and Thomas Jefferson, Banneker’s letter reinforces the situational irony when he argues, â€Å"Sir, suffer me to recall to your mind that time in which the arms and tyranny of the British crown were exerted with every powerful effort in order to reduce you to a state of servitude† (253). Thus, this citation reminds Jefferson of his and his country’s origin. The Letters of Exchange and scenes from the novel dramatize the oppression of enslaved African Americans while acknowledging the irony by assessing the persisting gap between America’s founding principles and the ruthless existence of slavery. The publication of Clotel in London in 1853 is the first indication of irony, by assessing the persisting gap between freedom in Europe and the ruthless existence of slavery in America. Furthermore, it indicates to the reader African American status in U.S. culture. To begin, allow us discuss Thomas Jefferson, father of American Independence and a father of slave children. A free African American, Benjamin Banneker, contested the â€Å"racialist views† offered in Notes on the State of Virginia and challenged the Declaration of Independence as a

Essay on British Literature Lesson Reflection - 1376 Words

I Introduction Since my subject is British Literature, there has been a lot of thought regarding the priorities of the course. On one hand, my main aim is to help learners enjoy the artistic part of written language. On the other hand, I have been tempted by the idea of using my time to give a more language oriented lesson. The session used to write this essay is one of my first attempts to pursuit the second. When choosing the materials, I picked a short comedy written on the fifties (Pinter 2006, 1254-1259) basically because I thought It could be appealing to my teenager group. After that, the main objective of the session was designed. I understand that the process should be the other way around: first the aim, then the materials†¦show more content†¦Designing and implementation of tasks and activities â€Å"A well-balanced lesson will contain some activities which are designed to encourage the students to talk and express themselves†¦ to communicate.† (Holden and Rogers 1998, 15) In this sense, I found that the planning of activities was very adequate. Learners had the opportunity to read, find and identify lexis. When that was solved, exposing their ideas to the rest of the class provided them with time to communicate. II.b Aspects which contributed to the success of the lesson In terms of classroom management, an active monitoring of the pair, individual and group work helped the environment of the class. Often, I had to encourage students to speak English among themselves. This helped the class to keep on producing language, because the topic of discussion â€Å"The emptiness of life† was motivating enough for the learners to keep on trying to convey their thoughts. In order to increase STT, I took into consideration Scrivener’s advice: â€Å"Encourage a friendly, relaxed learning environment. If there is a trusting, positive, supportive rapport amongst learners and between learners and you, then there is a much better chance of useful interaction happening.† (Scrivener 2005, 86) However, I had not constructed that rapport in my previous lessons, so it was hard for my students to trust that their commonly evil teacher was now a patient and tolerant facilitator. I have already stated that I chose the material (SeeShow MoreRelatedArticle, Critical Literacy in the Classroom by Ann S. Beck Shows the Need for Critical Thinking594 Words   |  3 Pageswritten by Ann S. Beck, an English teacher at Camosun College in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 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Songs which contained subject matter which was completely irrelevant to the frontier or unacceptable to moral and ethical standards were eitherRead MoreDickens Hard Times1535 Words   |  7 Pagesare the historical backgrounds, the facts about this novel and my critical reflections. To gain the comprehensive perspective of the story, we need to look back on historical backgrounds of the age that this novel took place which can be seen in three ways that are the economy, the social class and the education. Victorian Age is the period of economic progress that Industrial Revolution played important part in the British society. As a result, there were many factories located in town and it is

Mergers and Acquisition

Question: Write an letter for advising James Kine to take over the scheme under the Mergers and Acquisition Law and Practice and link it to the theory of effective operation management. Answer: To Mr.James Kine, Predators office 14 Malkin square, London EC4N8CH, Dear Sir, Predator Plc has proposed to Target Plc to acquire all the issued share capital for cash. As both, the company has their share and capital listed on the stock exchange in London. Predator has believed that the word is likely to be received by the Target board members. Bu, there was neither announcement made by the Target in the public nor any approaches has been made. Thus, this letter has been drafted for advising James Kine to take over the scheme under the Mergers and Acquisition Law and Practice According to the Merger and Acquisition Law practice, it can be stated that the branch of this law deals with the companys corporation branch to purchase or merge with other companies. In the legal view point, it can be stated that it is a legal consolidation to merge two legal entities into one. This is considered as a valid entity when there is an acquisition of ownership of another entity's stock, assets and also equity interest. From the view point of commercial and economical matters, it can be stated that the transaction under proceed is based on the liabilities and assets which are under one entity. The legal structure of the Merger and Acquisition states that the act has the effect on the business of one party under indirect ownership to that of the other party's shareholder. The term acquisition means to takeover or to purchase the business of on party by another party (Hayes, 2014). This purchase includes 100% or almost 100% of the ownership of assets, equity or entity acquired. Consolidation means when two company's combine with each other to form a new enterprise in an independent manner. As identified in the case study that Predator wants to acquire all the shares of Target as though Target is in a competitions business with other in the Predator group. In the case study, it is also seen that Predator has built a 25% stake in Target (Moeller Brady, 2014). As stated in the legal structure of the Merger and Acquisition Law and practice it can be seen that the corporation acquisition is basically for the reasons of asset purchase in which the seller sells assets to the buyers or equity sharers (Macnab, 2013). Purchasing of assets are basically for the most interested part of particular intellectual property matters, but the buyers do not acquire any liability or any relationships which are contractual. So it can be stated that the buyers who shares of the company are therefore under the target of the company from which they purchase (Ward, 2014). As there is a control of ownership over the companys assets, there is a transaction which is being carried on with all the liabilities which are acquired by the business through its past and the company faces all the risk in the commercial environment. Predator Plc has made no approach to the Target Plc to acquire the shares, but the provision that is made in the Act states that the acquirement can be made in a competitive bid for the shares in a company by announcing it publicly. In the provisions, it is also stated that the bid must be made in details within 15 days of the announcement which is based in public detail (Krishnan Masulis, 2013). The announcement detail of announcement must be at least for the number shareholders as well as share which the first bidder bid for. There are also certain provision regarding the revision of bid under regulation 39 of the act that the bidder can alter his bid if it is suitable for the revision process that is basically favorable for the shareholders in amalgamation scheme. There is the only fixed period of three working days for the revision before the beginning of the trending period. As per the details provided about the matter, we can state that approach was not made by Predator Plc to Target Plc to acquire the whole of the share of the issued share capital. Neither there was any public announcement made, but the provision states that to make an acquisition of share there must be a proper publication regarding the recommendation must be made to the committee which belongs to the independent directors. Which must be at least before the two working days before the trending period commences? Acquisition s must be made after the formalities have been completed. According to the principles of Merger and Acquisition Law, there are certain processes under the acquisition which involve a company acquires assets of the other company. As shares of the company are regarded as its assets so to acquire those there is a distinction which is depended on the process whether the company stock of targets is under the trade of public or not. Acquisition can also be differentiated as hostile or friendly, and it depends on how the target company is perceived by the acquirer (Murray, 2013). There is also a role of Securities and Exchange Commission regarding these kinds of transactions. To make it clear that there are no means of illegal process or activities involved in its acquisition which includes improper devaluation of stock, trading with insiders, or other kinds of conducts which are inappropriate. But some process is not followed by Predator Plc, so the advice to the company from our firm is to follow these rules and regulations mentioned under the Mergers and Acquisition of law and practice (Malhotra Gaur, 2013). So to acquire the whole of the share capital of Target Plc as they both are listed and traded on the market in the London stock exchange, there must be various measures under the act of Mergers and Acquisitions and Law practice which is to be taken into consideration. So according to the advice of the supervisor it the suggestion to the Chairman of predator Mr. James Kines that the Legal procedures are to be followed as given in this letter or for any further query to provide with its details (Lebedev et al., 2015). Thank you, Yours Faithfuly Elena Birch (Supervisor). Reference List: Hayes, J. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Krishnan, C. N. V., Masulis, R. W. (2013). Law firm expertise and merger and acquisition outcomes. Journal of Law and Economics, 56(1), 189-226. Lebedev, S., Peng, M. W., Xie, E., Stevens, C. E. (2015). Mergers and acquisitions in and out of emerging economies. Journal of World Business, 50(4), 651-662. Macnab, A. (Ed.). (2013). European Community law of competition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Malhotra, S., Gaur, A. S. (2013). Spatial geography and control in foreign acquisitions. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(2), 191-210. Moeller, S., Brady, C. (2014). Intelligent M A: Navigating the mergers and acquisitions minefield. John Wiley Sons. Murray, J. (2013). Defending Patagonia: Mergers Acquisitions with Benefit Corporations. Hastings Business Law Journal, 9(485). Ward, P. C. (2014). Federal Trade Commission: Law, Practice and Procedure. Law Journal Press.

Pacific oil company free essay sample

The Pacific Oil Company went into negotiations with Reliant Manufacturing, and its goal was to sign a more long-term agreement. Pacific assumed that the new contract would be signed with no major hurdles or objectives, and that the dominant point of negotiation would be price. Jean Fontaine, who is the marketing vice president for Pacific Oil, went into a negotiation process with Reliant. Jean started the process several years before Reliant Manufacturing’s contract was up, hoping to beat her competition to the lower price offers and leave with a contract extension of 5 years. Unfortunately, Jean did not properly research her client’s needs or adequately project what the outcome might be. Because of this, Pacific Oil Company was not prepared to address the concerns and requests that Reliant brought up during the negotiation. Though both parties wanted to move quickly toward signing a contract, Pacific Oil Company elongated this process because it did not have a thorough negotiation strategy that included a contingency plan or best alternatives. We will write a custom essay sample on Pacific oil company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pacific oil also neglected to draw out its best alternatives or bottom line in advance. Staying on the Same Page in Business Negotiations Pacific believed that other elements of the contract might be discussed, but that no dramatic changes would be expected. Because of Pacific’s lack of strategic planning, they wasted valuable time, money, emotional stress and energy. They also risked losing other opportunities that could have been more favorable for them. Adding to the problem was Pacific’s assumption that Reliant would sign a new contract quickly. Because of the time and money spent on traveling and negotiating back and forth, and the potential need for new technology development, which would be based on the contract’s outcome, Pacific Oil Company became increasingly desperate to finalize a contract with Reliant. As a result, Reliant obtained the advantage needed to make more demands during negotiations. Additionally, Reliant was aware of Pacific Oil’s dependence on its business, and took full advantage of these opportunities.

Media Affecting Public Opinion Essays - Elections, Public Opinion

Media Affecting Public Opinion The media is an intricate part of American government, intertwined with the practice of democracy, but to what extent does the media influence public opinion? To answer that several aspects of media coverage have to be explored. The media is Americas basic resource for all the news concerning American politics. Also, the opinion expressed by the press influences the opinion adopted by the public. Lastly the issues the media deem important help set the national agenda and to affect the publics opinion of voting. The most basic way the media influences public opinion is by offering knowledge about government decisions and access to government information. Daily the press delivers the raw information to the nation, who then in turn forms that into opinions. The media sends messages across the nation. Without the media it would take the public longer to become educated about governmental proceedings. Before the advancement of such media as the television, radio, and the Internet, a much smaller percentage of Americans were informed about the issues concerning the nation. Another affective way the media impacts the public opinion is through agenda setting. Because of the vast number of issues plaguing America today, the press has to decide which they will cover and which they will not. Their reporting has a vital connection to what the public comes to believe are the important issues in the country. If the press repeatedly covers the gun control issue, then the nation itself comes to believe that it is significant. Because the nation sees it as being important, then it is introduced into legislature quite rapidly. The press possesses the capability to create the impression that certain problems are of greater urgency than others. Those certain problems are usually about political strategy, political scandal and the private lives of politicians. These tend to over take the less entertaining, but more substantial stories because the public is not interested in them and they do not make money for the news company. One of the most ironic ways the media influences public opinion is by presenting the candidates personality through the use of television and radio. Could one honestly say that Abraham Lincoln might not be elected if he were running today. Lincoln was not a very attractive man and did not have a very refined voice. How would Lincoln have looked and sounded on television and radio? The public may be stubborn to admit it, but it is true; the nation judges possible candidates upon appearances and performances (mass media). If a presidential candidate could not speak in front of large groups, they could never be elected in todays society. It would not matter that his or her policies were better than their opponents. Furthermore, the media can influence public opinion is through their ability to convey an overall tone to their readers and viewers according to their own sentiments. Often a newspapers own feelings on a certain issue are expressed in their articles. When the public reads about such issues they can adopt the attitude which the media portrayed. The press may frame stories in a way that enhances the overall tone toward government and politics. Unfortunately the most common trend is to hold a negative attitude toward government. This negative tone has led to a national decline in voter participation. A greater portion of the country now attains a skeptical view of the American government. However, News programs constantly bombard the public with campaign coverage that negatively affects the way people vote. The most noticeable effect the TV news media causes is a decrease in voter attendance at the ballot boxes. News coverage of political campaigns reduces voter turnout because of the negative campaign tactics used by candidates and their parties. Voter turnout has significantly dropped from 75 %-85% in during the 19th century to fewer than 55% in modern day elections (Lewis). The result of low voter turnout reveals a negative attitude towards politics from America's citizens. The most effective discouragement to voting is exit polls that predict the outcome of an election or in modern terms electronic forecasting. Exit polling on or before Election Day has become the predominant method used by mass media in American politics for predicting

The Basics Of Using Pictures In Appendix In Essay Sample

The Basics Of Using Pictures In Appendix In Essay SampleBefore you start writing your essay, first you need to learn about the pictures in the appendix in essay sample. All of the examples will be accompanied by very plain pictures that you can easily identify. This is to avoid distracting your readers from your essay.You have to work with the sections of sentences and paragraphs. This way, you can use the paragraphs to express your ideas clearly. In addition, you should know that to draw attention from the reader, you can also use an attention-grabbing paragraph. To do this, you need to use paragraphs that are longer and not too short.When you have the basic idea of your essay written down, you can start using the images to give it more depth. It is important to choose the right images because they can make or break the way you write your essay. If you are lucky, you will find some of the best pictures in the appendix in essay sample on the internet.Appendices provide the readers th e opportunity to read more about the events that happened before the main points in your essay. Some examples will have the title at the top of the page. This means that you can use an appendix in essay sample in order to add color to your essay.When you want to include a picture in your essay, you have to know that the pictures that are already in the book can serve as models. In addition, when you have the use of a blank page, you can make the necessary changes so that you will be able to use pictures that belong to the book. By doing this, you will have better access to your sources.The idea of past events is quite interesting for the readers. In addition, you can also make use of pictures to show the details about the events. When you write about the past events, you will be able to include the pictures in your essay that is related to the subject.Some people do not like to write about the important things in the life. However, if you are going to write an essay, then you have t o take it seriously. Therefore, you have to think of ways to include the pictures in the appendix in essay sample that will show the best side of your life. All of these will help you create a good essay.If you find it too difficult to look for pictures in the internet, you can also use a photo album on your desk. This way, you will be able to do your research through your photos. The more information you get, the better.

Child Development1 essays

Child Development1 essays Babies grow and develop at a very rapid rate during the first year of life. They grow physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. In this paper I will discuss the physical growth and development patterns of an infant all the way through adulthood. Development is the baby's increased skill in using various body parts. When dealing with a development of a child there are three basic development rules. First development rule: This rule says that babies develop in the head region first, then the trunk, and lastly in the legs and feet. For example, a baby can hold up their head before they can grasp an object with their hand. Also they can feed themselves before they can walk. Second development rule: The second development rule explains that children develop from the mid line, or center of the body, outward toward the fingers and toes. Third development rule: Finally, this rule reveals that, as the brain develops, a child responds to more and more sights and sounds in their environment. Furthermore, they learn to respond to much finer details. A general rule is that a baby increases in height by 50% and triples its birth weight in the first year. Clearly, this is a very rapid growth rate; however, the rate of growth slows down after infancy. At three months, a baby is alert and responding to the world. When put on their tummy, they can hold their chest and head up for ten seconds. They try to swipe at toys hung over the crib. They turn their heads toward an interesting sound or listen to voices. Babies love to stare at people's faces. They coo and gurgle. At six months a baby is developing control over its body. They can sit with support and may sit alone for short periods of time. They can roll over. They will hold out their arms to be lifted up or reach and grab an object. They can hold their own bottles and toys. They laugh out loud, babbles, "calls" for help and screams when annoyed. A...

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Assignment Example This is because the ATS allows foreign nationals to open human rights violation cases in the United States Federal Judiciary; whether these cases took place within or outside the North American continent, notwithstanding (Bellia Jr. and Clark, 2011). The Benefits and Tradeoffs of This Expanded, Tactical Use of the ATS The use of ATS boosts America’s image as a country that does not compromise on human rights and freedoms violation. The rest of the diplomatic world is compelled to automatically follow this example. This means that human rights and freedom are increasingly upheld and safeguarded. One of the downsides of the ATS is its penchant for flooding (the US) court systems with a barrage of cases that have very little resolve, if at all. Question 2 The Grounds on Which the Senators Protested The premise upon which the Senators protested is worthy of credence. Particularly, Secretary Hillary Rodham Clinton by appending her signature to the ASEAN treaty endorsed the agreemen t, without letting it undergo the appraisal of the Senate, as should be the case. Thus, Clinton’s act was a contravention of the US Constitution, art 2, Â § II and art 6, Â § II which mandates the issuance of the Senate’s consent and advice. ... Because of this, treaties can be said to be too sacrosanct to be left to the whims of the executive. For instance, the purpose of the ASEAN treaty was to promote lasting peace and international cooperation in Southeast Asia by building, strengthening and solidifying diplomatic relations. The guidelines of the Treaty of Amity (TAC) were also binding herein and demanding of principles such as mutual respect for sovereignty, non interference, the right to political autonomy and effective cooperation. These policies are too serious to be left to the whims of the executive. Question 3 Euro-governance Euro-governance refers to the political, legal and social developments of the Europe Union which are aimed at achieving the economic objectives of the euro (Payandeh, 2010). Whether Rabkin, Slaughter and Burke-White are talking about the same phenomenon By far, it is a fact that William W. Burke-White, Anne-Marie Slaughter and Jeremy A. Rabkin are talking about the same phenomenon. Burke-Whit e, Slaughter and Rabkin are not just experts in international law, but they also speak on the same concept. For instance, Burke-White vouches for the effectiveness of international tribunals and courts, investment protection, investor-state arbitration, International Criminal Court (ICC), transnational justice, the fostering of human rights and criminal law. He also acknowledges the need for the government to address sovereign bankruptcy, international human rights, violations amnesty legislation and responses to emergencies. Conversely, Slaughter also speaks of the need to tackle worldwide terrorist and criminal networks, the International Criminal Court, the need to protect civilians in the Arab spring, global pandemics, climate change, and regulating the

The Obligation to defend South Vietnam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Obligation to defend South Vietnam - Essay Example They could not just ignore â€Å"the long-suffering people of South Vietnam† (Westmoreland 1). In addition, the power of North Vietnamese military was stronger than that of South Vietnamese military when North Vietnamese were attacking South Vietnamese unjustly. According to Johnson (1), the war was characterized as unparalleled brutality. The simple farmers were one of the kidnapping and assassination targets. The children and their mothers were killed in the middle of the night since their fathers and husbands were loyal and obedient to the state. Consequently, the villages were always affected by attacks and raids that were majorly conducted in terror strikes and towns. North Vietnamese, Viet-Cong, attacked villages and killed not only soldiers but also civilians. Viet-Cong killed women and children. â€Å"In 1857 they reverted to terror, both indiscriminate and selective, with the assassination of teachers and local leaders. This terror rate went up every year† (Westmoreland 1). The Americans thought they should help Vietnamese to make order. The purpose of the U.S. was not only just to fight against Communism, but also to defend South Vietnamese from brutal attack of North Vietnamese. The reason why the U.S. had to be involved is that Americans and other democratic countries feared the spread of Communism because it possibly would threaten the democracy in the world. Eventually, it will threaten the freedom in the U.S. also. Therefore, Americans were committed to stopping it. In his April 7, 1965 speech, President Johnson addresses this growing problem: "Over this war-and Asia- is another reality: the deepening shadow of Communist China† (Johnson 1). Americans and people of other Democratic countries were afraid of the power of China; Americans thought unless they help Asian countries to escape from the danger of Communism, China would threaten and "dominate all southeast Asia† (Johnson 2). It was not only a problem

Analysis of proposed legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of proposed legislation - Essay Example he bill claims that an individual automatically commits a crime of illegal use of firearms if he or she possesses a gun while in possession of a specific amount of a controlled substance in the country. The bill is categorical and appropriate since it makes appropriate propositions that will govern the use of firearms while strengthening other existing laws that control specific substances (Webster and Jon 32). Drug abuse for example is another closely related legal aspect the bill seeks to curb. The government has categorized numerous types of drugs as controlled substances. Such drugs as cocaine, marijuana and heroin among others are example of controlled substances. Besides the hard drugs, the government regulates the use of other medicinal drugs often proposing for prescription before any form if over the counter purchase of such drugs. Such stringent legislations are responsible for the growing illegal trade on different types of drugs in the country. Drug peddling is a major social menace responsible for the rising crime rate and extrajudicial killings in the country. Drug peddlers operate in effectively structured syndicates characterized by heightened conflicts most of which result in violent use of both legal and illegal guns in the country. This validates the unique features of the law that seeks to control the use of firearms by associating guns to drugs among other types of controlled substances in the country. The bill will criminalize being in possession of a legal firearm while in possession of a specified amount of a type of controlled substance. Such is an appropriate clause that will help curb the rising number of gun violence in the country since some of the people implicated in both drug business and gun violence are always reputable business people with legal firearms. Without the bill, such individuals may readily use their guns to settle conflicts arising from the sale and use of rugs in the country. Proponents of the bill often cite the

Main Character of Book Siddhartha Essay -- Herman Hesse

Herman Hesse's, Siddhartha, is a story any person of any era, age, sex, or religion can relate to in some respect. It is about a young man wanting more out of life than most are comfortable with. He wants to find himself, find meaning to life, find enlightenment. To achieve his goal, he exposes himself to the extremities of self-denial and self-indulgence, objecting himself to a great ordeal to become a well-rounded individual and find his true self. Siddhartha begins his journey leaving his father, a religious leader, who has taught him the Brahmin way of life and expects his son to walk in his footsteps, "he envisioned him growing up to be a great wise man and priest, a prince among Brahmins" (Hesse 4). Siddhartha, however, wants more of a challenge in life. He and his best friend Govinda, which admires him very much and is like a "shadow" to him, set out to join an ascetic group called samanas. The samanas teach the two young men endurance and "to let the ego perish" (Hesse 13), among many other valuable life skills. Siddhartha, still unfulfilled, takes leave of the samanas with his friend. They go to hear the wisdom of a well known and respected teacher, Gotama. After hearing the Buddha speak, the two see that he is indeed enlightened, this inclines Govinda to join him and his followers. Siddhartha, however, feels that he needs more than another's account of how enlightenment is obtained, still unfulfilled, he surprises and d isappoints his friend when he chooses not to opt for the same path as him. He leaves his friend to continue his pursuit. Subsequently, Siddhartha passes paths with a beautiful prosperous courtesan who quickly takes a liking to him and helps him obtain an apprenticeship with a wealthy merchant, eventually... ...ut change, growing and becoming ?somebody?, and everyone goes through this. Hesse went through many changes throughout his own life, he too, seemed to have issues finding himself, he went through three marriages, attended various institutions (including a mental one), and changed careers often. He, as did Siddhartha in his book, attempted suicide. So, basically his own life?as with many authors?influenced his novel. But there are sure to be others that see a bit, or a lot, of this protagonist in them. Works Cited Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Trans. Susan Bernofsky. New York: Modern, 2006. Ziolkowski, Theodore. The Novels of Herman Hesse: A Study in Theme and Structure. New Jersey: Princeton, 1965. Wikipedia contributors. ?Herman Hesse?. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 26 March 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Hesse&oddid=202834940.

Senior Seminar Research Proposal

Introduction Forensic entomology is used to determine such crimes as murder, suicide, and other criminal acts by examining various insects instead of using human tissues. This forensic tool is used to determine the postmortem interval of a corpse and the cause of death of a corpse when all other forms of human evidence (human blood, tissues, hair, etc. ) are not present at the scene. Forensic entomologists prefer using insects to determine these factors of death because the insects produce similar results as human test materials such as human blood or tissues which yield the best analytical results for the forensic entomologist.The use of forensic entomological evidence has been accepted and used in many courts around the world (Anderson, 1999). The use of this tool in court can support or refute a suspect’s alibi and improves the criminal investigation against the suspect (Anderson, 1999). Even though forensic entomology is an efficient tool to use in criminal investigations there are some drawbacks to this analytical tool. Such disadvantages include improper collection of entomological evidence and improper analysis of insects after collection, resulting in incorrect entomological results and a possible false conviction of a suspect.The proposed research of this paper focused on insects being affected by different concentrations of ethanol during natural insect development and also focused on the detection of ethanol in insects using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) to determine if insects were significantly affected by ethanol exposure. The research also focused on the exposure of ethanol to the insects and how this exposure affected PMI (postmortem interval) determination. Forensic entomology is a commonly used tool to determine cause and time of death by examining various characteristics of insects that are collected at the crime scene.Such characteristics include size of the insect(s) and the life cycle stage of the insect collected. For ensic entomology becomes the most accurate and sometimes the only tool available for determining time of death, especially after 72 hours (Anderson and VanLaerhoven, 1996). Forensic entomology can also determine if a body has been moved from place to place, determine where the death occurred, determine the presence of various types of drugs and toxins present (if any), wound location, and determine who the suspect and victim are due to the presence of certain insects on the body (Grisales, et al. 2010). Background/Literature Review There are five levels of decomposition identified by a forensic entomologist when conducting an entomological investigation which include fresh, bloated, active, advanced, and remains (Grisales, et al. , 2010). These stages of decomposition are important to a forensic entomologist because insects appear on a corpse periodically throughout the decomposition cycle which therefore determines the time of death of a corpse. During these levels of decomposition insects begin to reach the corpse either by flying (adult flies) or by burrowing through the ground (pupae).Some insects can also reach the corpse by hatching from eggs (larvae) that were laid on the corpse after death. The fresh stage of decomposition involves a drop in body temperature and the appearance of very few flies on the corpse. The insects that are collected are typically larvae and are collected from the mouth of the corpse. The bloated stage of decomposition involves a significant increase in the body weight of a corpse due to rainfall exposure. The insects that are collected at this stage of decomposition are larvae found on the back, head, ears, and anus of the corpse (Grisales, et al. 2010). The active decay stage of decomposition involves fly larvae feeding on a corpse which significantly lowers the body weight of the corpse and an increased amount of fly larvae found in the intestines/ organs of the corpse (Grisales, et al. , 2010). The advanced stage of decomposi tion involves the fluctuation of body temperature depending on the location of the corpse and an even bigger decrease in body weight due to increased consumption of body tissues by fly larvae (Grisales, et al. , 2010).There is an increase in adult flies that are collected at this stage of decomposition. In the last stage of decomposition, remains, there is no continued change of the corpse and the presence of insects found decreases (Grisales, et al. , 2010). The stages of decomposition and the insects present at these stages are also used to determine the postmortem interval (PMI) of a corpse. PMI, or postmortem interval, provides important detail of situations that occurred before time of death in cases of homicide and untimely death (Byrd and Castner, 2001).Arthropods that are found on the corpse can determine the length of egg to fly transformation then to the recovered developmental stage (Gennard, 2007). The best arthropods to use are the oldest ones that were yielded from egg s when the larvae were first deposited on the corpse because they have the longest feeding time on the corpse which allows them to fully develop and retain any evidence from the corpse much longer; this will produce a more accurate PMI. Such information can help to identify both the criminal and the victim by eliminating the suspects and connecting the deceased with other individuals.The predictable physical and chemical consequences of death are usually the most reliable PMI indicators, which means knowing what an insect should look like at which developmental level to determine when a dead body became a corpse (Henssge et al. 1995). PMI is also associated with the succession rate of various insects which is another tool that is used to determine the time of death of a corpse. The succession rate includes information about the time elapsed between death and the presence of a particular arthropod or insect species and stage (Byrd and Castner, 2010).A dead body will go through very r ecognizable decomposition stages (physical, biological, and chemical changes) that attract various types of arthropods in each decomposition stage that are needed to determine the succession rate (Monthei, 2009). The most common succession rate estimated by an investigator is the age of larvae and the time interval between death and the arrival of larvae on the corpse (Byrd and Castner, 2010). The knowledge of what insects are supposed to be present and absent based on the season also helps to determine PMI.Calculation of PMI involves five different arthropod life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, adult, and carcass) for flies when collecting insects from corpses. The egg stage of the fly is characterized by the laying of between 150-200 eggs, with the exception of some flies lying between 2000-3000 eggs, found on the body in cluster form within areas that provide protection, moisture, and food (Gennard, 2007). Fly eggs are typically shiny and white; the eggs have a similar appearance to that of a grain of rice.The reason for specific placement of eggs on a decomposing body is the fact that the body contains a high quality of nutrients which are used as a feeding source for the fly eggs to grow, as well as the influence of growth on other species of insects that feed on the decomposing body. The larval stage of the fly species is characterized into three stages (L1, L2, and L3) which correspond to the number of slits present on the backs of the larvae (Gennard, 2007). These slits are used by entomologists to determine what stage of life the larvae are in when collected.In the third larval stage, where larvae are the largest, the larvae stop feeding on the corpse and begin looking for a place to begin pupariation. Pupariation is the final stage of development in metamorphosis into the adult stage and is generally called the larval post-feeding stage (Gennard, 2007). Pupariation typically doesn’t take place on the corpse because insects in this stage prefer to be in a cool, dark place or underground, if possible. In some instances of fly larvae in pupariation, the insects were shown to pupate on the corpse.The adult stage, or the end of the life cycle, is initiated by the arthropod pushing itself out of the puparium case and once the adult fly is free from the puparium case, the insects make their journey upward through the soil. Once the adult fly has reached the top of the soil the insects release their waste and expand their wings to make their way to other corpses or decomposing material. The adult stage may be the final stage of the life cycle but the carcass of these adult flies can also be collected as evidence along will the carcasses of arthropods in each life stage.Entomotoxicology Entomotoxicology is the analysis of insects and insect remains for the presence of toxins that may have been present in the corpse before death (Goff and Lord, 1994). Detection of various toxins and controlled substances in insects found on decomposi ng human remains has contributed to the determination of both cause and manner of death by determining what times of toxins were present in the corpse before death (Lord 1990, Goff and Lord 1994, Nolte et al. , 1992).Entomotoxicology also serves as an alternative analysis tool to determine the presence of toxins or cause of death when certain specimens aren’t available for collection, such as human blood or tissues. The toxicological analysis of insect biological materials is conducted in the same manner as the toxicological analysis of human biological materials, making cause of death determination more accurate (Definis- Gojanovic, 2007). Many different species of arthropods, such as flesh flies and blowflies, are used when conducting an entomotoxicological analysis and these arthropods are used to determine the PMI or time before death.The use of entomotoxicology has many advantages, which includes determination of time before death (PMI) and identification of suspect, but this analytical tool also has several disadvantages. One disadvantage includes the issue of recording the exact temperature of the insects because if the information is incorrect then the outcome of the PMI will also be incorrect. Another disadvantage of this analytical tool is the fact that it is fairly new in the forensic science field so if an individual isn’t educated on how to use the technique then valuable entomological evidence related to the case may be lost.Lastly, if proper collection of entomological evidence isn’t conducted properly, the loss of highly important evidence relating to time of death and cause of death could be lost. Cause of death is usually determined by various types of toxins that are detected in the insect after an entomotoxicological analysis was conducted. Issues with Determination of PMI The determination of PMI can be affected by multiple factors but only two will be discussed in this research proposal which include: temperature and ethanol. Temperature involves the rise or fall of temperature to such a high or low that affects the growth or succession rate of insects.Air temperature and exposure to sunlight will raise the corpse temperature which will also increase the insect succession rate. Temperature can also be influenced by such weather conditions as rain, sun, snow, and wind which can greatly affect the amount of entomological evidence collected (insects) and the outcome of a legal investigation (Sharanowski et al. , 2008). Alcohol, or ethanol, is one of the oldest abused drugs in the world that is readily available and the most commonly abused drug in Western societies (Stripp, 2007).Ethanol is a product of fermentation due to yeast cells acting on sugars from fruits and grains that produces a clear, volatile liquid that is soluble in water (Stripp, 2007). Once ethanol enters the blood stream orally it travels in the blood into other tissues. The ethanol travels to tissues with greater water content be cause these tissues will receive greater ethanol distribution. The ethanol concentration will be different in both the corpse and the insects due to the different water amounts found in each species (insects and corpse).The rate at which ethanol is eliminated from the body is another important factor to a forensic entomologist because this can determine the time at which the individual started drinking. The focus of this experiment will involve different concentration levels of ethanol and the effects on the growth rate of the fly species Sarophagidae (flesh flies). Proposed Research The broad, long-term objectives that this research paper is focused on determining whether ethanol can affect the growth rate of entomological evidence and how much ethanol can be detected in the insects.This research is also being conducted in an attempt to make a comparison to the other research experiments to see if the results concerning growth rate of insects exposed to such drugs as morphine or he roin are similar or different to the growth rate results of insects exposed to ethanol. This research paper includes four specific aims that was accomplished as a way to make the broad objective a more manageable piece that could was easier to manipulate. Specific aim one included determining whether ethanol could be found in both test fly species after feeding on the ethanol infused beef liver.Specific aim two involved determining which concentrations of ethanol produced the most significant changes in the flies. Specific aim three involved tracking the growth rate of the fly species that were exposed to the ethanol infused beef livers (test subjects) and those who were not (control). Specific aim four involved observing any change in the growth rate data from the fly species test subjects that were exposed to three specific concentrations of ethanol. These specific aims will be used in sequential order as a way of getting closer to solving the broad objective. Experimental Methods OverviewThe research experiment hypothesized there would be significant changes in the growth rate of the fly species when exposed to the three specific concentrations of ethanol. The research experiment also predicted that there would be obvious physical changes in the flies when exposed to beef livers infused with specific concentrations of ethanol at different stages of life. The experimental design constructed for this experiment involves the fly species Sarophagidae (flesh flies) feeding on beef livers infused with ethanol over a period of eight to twenty-one days which is the general life cycle for flesh flies.The three beef livers had varying concentrations of ethanol (25 ug, 50 ug, and 100 ug) injected into them that the flesh flies were exposed to. The control group for the experiment was hand massaged with deionized water as a way to keep liquid consistency amongst the groups. At the end of the experiment, the insects were collected into a test tube and then exposed to GC MS or gas chromatography mass spectrometry in an attempt to determine the presence of ethanol in the test subject (insects). The insects were also analyzed for any type of stunted or heightened growth in regards to a normal fly life cycle.This analytical test was able to show that there was ethanol present in the fly species. Experimental Variables The independent variable in this experiment is the specific concentration of ethanol that is distributed amongst the three beef livers. The dependent variable in this experiment is the growth rate of both species after exposure to ethanol as well as the specific ethanol concentrations. The controlled group was the fly larvae that were not exposed to ethanol. The other controlled variables of this experiment were the 45 degrees Farenheit (temperature) the beef livers were maintained at and the amount of beef used (8 oz. as the feeding substrate for the fly species. The experimental groups in this experiment were three larvae groups exposed to ethanol and the control group was a larvae group not exposed to ethanol. Procedures/ Measurements The following experimental design was adapted from a previous research study conducted by George et al. , 2009. Three beef livers weighing 8 oz. each were prepared using the corresponding ethanol concentrations for the three experimental groups of the fly species tested (Experimental Group Two- 25 ug, Experimental Group Three- 50 ug, and Experimental Group Four- 100 ug). 0 mL of deionized water was distributed evenly into the control group (EG 1) to maintain liquid consistency amongst all groups. A cluster of fly larvae for the three experimental groups was collected and distributed evenly amongst the three experimental groups (2-4) as well as the control group. The beef livers were contained in a small plastic tub and refrigerated at a temperature of 45 degrees Farenheit when the beef livers were not being used to discourage spoiling of beef liver as well as to avoid evaporation of ethanol.The growth rate of the test subjects from both fly species exposed to ethanol is measured (any alteration in growth rate is the factor that is being measured) over a period of three weeks. At the end of three weeks, or longer if necessary, all of the perished insects from the experiment were collected for analysis using GCMS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) to determine the presence or absence of ethanol in the insects. Material List Deionized water Ethanol solution Fly larvae of Sarophagidae (flesh flies)Four beef livers (8 oz. each) Graduated cylinder GCMS machine Microscope Pipette Plastic tubs Refrigerator References Anderson, G. S. (1999). Wildlife Forensic Entomology: Determining Time of Death in Two Illegally Killed Black Bear Cubs. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44(4): 856-859 Anderson, G. S. and Van Laerhoven, S. L. (1996). Initial Studies on Insects Succession on Carrion in Southwestern British Columbia. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 41: 617-625 Brown, G. , F uke, C. , Pounder, D. J. , Robertson, L. and Sadler, D. W. (1997). Barbiturates and Analgesics in Calliphora vicina Larvae. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42(3): 481-485 Byrd, J. H. and Castner, J. L. (2001). Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL Definis- Gojanovic, M. , Britvic, D. , Kokan, B. , and Sutlovic, D. (2007). Drug Analysis in Necrophagous Flies and Human Tissues. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, 58: 313-316 George. K. A. , Archer, M. S. , Green, L. M. , Conlan, X. A. , and Toop, T. (2009).Effect of morphine on the growth rate of Calliphora stygia (Fabricus) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and possible implications for forensic entomology. Forensic Science International (Online), 193(1): 21-25 Gennard, D. E. (2007). Forensic Entomology: An Introduction. Wiley: England Goff, M. L. and Lord, W. D. (1994). Entomotoxicology : A new area for forensic investigation. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 15:51-57 Grisales, D. , Ruiz, M. , and Villegas, S. (2010). Insects associated with exposed decomposing bodies in the Colombian Andean Coffee Region.Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 54(4): 637-644 Henssge, C. B. , Knight, B. , Krompecher, T. , Madea, B. , and Nokes, L. (1995). The estimation of the time since death in the early postmortem period. Arnold: London Lord, W. D. (1990). Case histories of the use of insects in investigations. In Entomology and death: A procedural guide, ed. E. P. , Catts and N. H, Haskell. Clemson, SC: Joyce’s Print Shop, 9-37 Monthei, D. R. (2009). Entomotoxicological and Thermal Factors Affecting the Development of Forensically Important Flies.Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Nolte, K. B. , Lord, W. D. , and Pinder, R. D. (1992). Insect Larvae Used to Detect Cocaine Poisoning in a Decomposed Body. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 37(4): 1179-1185 Sharanowski, B. J. , Walker, E. G. , and Anderson, G. S. (2008). Insect succession and decom position patterns on shaded and sunlit carrion in Saskatchewan in three different seasons. Forensic Science International, 179: 219-240 Stripp, R. A. (2007). Drugs of Abuse. The Forensic Aspects of Poisons. Chelsea House: New York