College Profile Nebraska Wesleyan University - 986 Words

Joy: School Profile: Nebraska Wesleyan University In 1887, Nebraska Wesleyan University was established as a private university directly affiliated with the United Methodist Church. This higher learning institution, which is conveniently located in the capital Lincoln, is one of the more popular liberal arts schools in the state. Nebraska Wesleyan University offers more than 100 majors, minors and professional programs. The most popular degrees for undergraduates include the B.S. degrees in business, social work and criminal justice. Nebraska Wesleyan University’s offers graduate level degrees in nursing, education and leadership. Every year, Nebraska Wesleyan University hosts a Student Symposium that highlights student’s academic†¦show more content†¦-- This national nursing organization promotes nursing education and leadership through maintaining strong standards. https://www.hlcommission.org/ Nebraska Wesleyan University’s Application Requirements -- Students with a GPA of 3.0 or above, an ACT composite score of 20 or an SAT score of 950 (excluding writing) may apply for admission. -- Academic factors, such as class rank, extracurricular activities and secondary school records, are very important. -- Non-academic factors, such as talents, character and personal achievements, are important. -- AP, ACT, CLEP and SAT Reasoning Test scores are required for placement decisions. -- SAT or ACT scores are required for admission decisions. -- The university also considers alumni relations, application essays, recommendations and volunteer work history. -- The university offers a free online application for all potential students. Nebraska Wesleyan University’s Tuition and Financial Aid --The annual tuition and fees for on-campus students is approximately $29,800, room and board is $8,340. -- The annual fee for books and supplies is $1,000 and the estimated personal expenses is $3,500. -- The out-of-state costs for tuition and fees as well as room and board are the same as in-state students. -- Financial aid is available through the standard FAFSA application. -- The average first-year student receives approximately $22,000 of financial aid through

Embryo Based Stem Cell Research - 1171 Words

Embryo-based stem cell research The controversy concerning the ethical dilemma related to stem cell research rages on. One particular basis of this controversy emanates from the fact that embryonic stem cells research derives its stem cells from destroyed embryos. Stem cells are cells that are yet to be specialized into specific tissue that serves specific function in the organism. Some radical scientists have labeled these cells the building blocks of future medical and biotechnical research because they can be stimulated into any desires tissue (Isobe, Tooi, Nakatsuji, Aiba, 2015). One particularly interesting application in the medical field is research into replacing defective tissue responsible for devastating diseases and conditions such as Parkinson ’s syndrome and ALS. Many advances in research aimed at alleviating the suffering that comes with these diseases owe its success to embryonic stem cell research, which is why the same should be upheld. However, opponents of such progressive methods of medical intervention and scientific research such as bio-ethicists claim that embryonic stem cell research is unethical since embryos are destroyed in the process (Devolder, 2015). This paper argues for embryonic stem cell research while briefly looking at the opponents’ basis for counterargument. Using demonstrations such as pluripotency, cell stability, and ease of isolation and replication, the paper will complement the argument that embryonic stem cell researchShow MoreRelated Embryonic Stem Cell Research: How does it affect you? Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pages Embryonic Stem Cell Research: How does it affect you? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Embryonic stem cell research is widely controversial in the scientific world. Issues on the ethics of Embryonic Stem (ES) cell research have created pandemonium in our society. The different views on this subject are well researched and supportive. The facts presented have the capability to support or possibly change the public’s perspective. This case study is based on facts and concernsRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Research928 Words   |  4 Pagesaims to investigate the different views held on the pros and cons of development in stem cell research. This report will provide background to the debate, its social significance, parties that are involved and analysis of the arguments related to the topic researched. 2.0 The Issue and background to the debate Those who favour stem cell research are optimistic about the continued developments in stem cell research will open doors to many breakthrough discoveries in biomedical science. The scientificRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research931 Words   |  4 Pages Embryonic stem cell research is the study of stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. For many years now, the ethics of embryonic stem cell research has been argued. A recent advance in this line of research is the ability to clone the embryonic stem cells, which allows for researchers to create a completely compatible embryonic stem cell to the individual’s tissue type. Though this new science may be very beneficial, not everyone can agree on the ethics ofRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On The Human Body998 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells are undifferentiated cells that have potential to be developed into many different specialized cell types, such as skin cells, bon e cells, muscle cells, and many more. Stem cells used in research today derive from mainly two sources, embryos from the blastocyst phase of embryological development, known as embryonic stem cells, and adult tissue, known as adult stem cells (â€Å"Stem Cell Basics†). Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are roughly five-days-old, when it is in theRead MoreStem Cells Research The Regeneration Of Medicine. Stem1526 Words   |  7 PagesStem Cells Research the Regeneration of Medicine Stem cells research is one of the most powerful areas of medicine that is both researched and passionately argued. The web page of National Institute of Health (NIH) describes that stem cells are unspecialized cells that are capable of renewing themselves through cell division and they can also be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. Stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types in the bodyRead MoreIs Stem Cell Research Ethical?1252 Words   |  6 Pages Is Stem Cell Research Ethical? The question that has been asked so many times, is stem cell research ethical? To argue ethics over this topic, one must first know what a stem cell is.Stem Cells are â€Å"cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells† (Stem Cell Basics: Introduction). The National Institutes of Health say that stem cells are distinguished for two different reasons. The first is â€Å"they are unspecialized cells capable of renewingRead MoreRights Based Ethics And Stem Cell Research878 Words   |  4 Pages Rights Based Ethics and Stem Cell Research When talking about ethics, we have theoretical ethics and applied ethics. Those these two are different they, are also connected. Theoretical ethics can be defined as the theoretical study of the main concepts and methods of ethics(Ward). This is, basically, studying the ethical language, the concepts, beliefs, and the reasoning of certain ethical theories. Applied ethics are defined as the application and evaluation of the principles that guideRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1292 Words   |  6 PagesEmbryonic stem cells research is the most debated type of stem cell research. The moral standings of embryonic stem cell research have been debated since the research started. The side against the research claims that it is wrong to value one’s life above another and that the elimination of the most basic form of life is murder. While the side supporting the research claims that the research could bring about the cure for many types of diseases and help save the lives of millions. Embryonic stem cellsRead MoreStem Cell Research : The Era Of Life Science Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesTwenty-first century is the era of life science. With the development of technology of life science and modern biology, the stem cell research becomes one of the most advanced research areas in the current society. Stem cells have regenerative possibilities; Nadia Rosenthal wrote in The New England Journal of Medicine: We mere mortals do not possess livers with quite so vigorous a regenerative capacity, but the legend captures well the remarkable potential of the body to rebuild itself. ThroughoutRead More Stem Cells Should Not Be Used Therapeutically Essays826 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cells Should Not Be Used Therapeutically A stem cell is a cell in the body that can differentiate into almost any other type of cell in the body. Stem cells come from sites in the bone marrow, as well as the tissues of developing fetuses. The most controversial issue in stem cell therapy is the use of fetuses for their stem cells. Scientists want to clone human embryos, and use the stem cells long before the embryo matures (when it is only about 36 cells). This causes a large amount

Alcoholism in Youth Free Essays

Alcoholism in Youth Expectation, are they making things difficult? It seems that what is expected has not been achieved neither been integrated in mind and heart of the youth, being dubbed to as hope of the motherland. Did the famous national hero of ours, Dr. Jose P. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholism in Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rizal, just had been mistaken with his proposition then? Or, is it because the influential matters in the society that dominates that is why those coined words by him do not materialized? Which is which? We could not escape from the facts that there is a bunch of malignant issues that bound the society. Yes, indeed, reality bites! Such social issues are fatal act into quoting that the youth is slowly killing the final stand of the country’s progress. What is the problem then? Or should I say problems? Alcoholism is considered as a widespread problem in the society since it can harm the individual’s health, relationships and status in life. It is definitely a disease which means an uncontrollable and obsessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. It detriments the physical and mental components of a person and causes the brain to change in some point that the person becomes dependent and abusive. The alcoholism in youth is out of subtlety. It is really obvious now! Youths are unstoppable and always thrilled when talking about alcohol. They seem to be excited in the experience and proud in some point when drinking. Actually, the bond between alcohol and youth is really a complicated matter that everybody should need to understand to solve this this legal matter is way over ignorance, then underage drinking is common. Generally, young Filipinos start to drink at the age of 16 or 17. But there are some cases that they drink as young as 12 years old. Family, friends, and the mass media can be influential factors. With this matter, out of school youth could divert themselves seeing them at the end of the day, drinking alcohol and taking up drugs. Pursued by curiosity, they do what is not supposed to be done. If these deeds will be tolerated, then there will be just a little hole along the tunnel that will light up the dark pathways of life. It is the same as saying as the case gets worse, the result gets dark. With that they do, they vividly mirror what awaits tomorrow. Then what waits it then? Simple, a day full of miserable undertakings, full of regrets and a day that embraces darkness. In the stage of puberty, there are some huge changes and adjustments that the youths are experiencing and undergoing. These adjustments are crucial that they find the comfort in using drugs and alcohol. We can see that these on-going developmental changes are some factors that should be dealt by them. As they grow and expose to the outside world, peer pressures and thrill seeking activities lead to them to test their limit and their ability to go on what they can see. They try everything and anything even if it is harmful just to be accepted by the society they choose to be a part of. These causes should be controlled and every youth should seek responsibility on what is morally and legally accepted. Character strength is tested during this kind of stages since every action has its own consequences. As stated earlier, there are so many harmful effects alcoholism can bring. In youths, the most difficult to avoid is the serious drinking problem which may be alcohol dependency or alcohol abuse. When a person starts to drink in a younger age, there is huge possibility that the person will become alcoholic. In a rebellion phase, of course, dangerous behavior can be amplified by alcohol. Since they are used to this kind of actions and environment, they tend to engage in much hazardous move like use of harmful drugs and risky behaviors. Finally, alcohol has an enormous effect in brain and body development. Underage drinkers may suffer and have difficulties in long term memory or critical thinking in later years. Hormonal imbalance will soon be observed which have a negative impact in reproduction. Drinking alcohol is a primitive practice of Filipinos as what history shows. Now we are in a modernized world, but this practice has never been avoided successfully. Alcohol is not really at fault but the person who abuse alcohol. Youths are risky in these abusive actions bu we should not criticize them. Nevertheless, we should be the model and the helpers of these youths as they move towards critical transitions. And at the end, the relationship between the youths and alcohol is not really a mystery. Its solution are not vague and if we just open our eyes wide enough, the solutions are just in front of us. How to cite Alcoholism in Youth, Papers

Farewell Party for Miss Pushpa free essay sample

In fact, Nissim Ezekiel makes fun of the way in which semi-educated Indians speak or write the English language. He ridicules the errors in grammar, syntax, and idioms which many Indians commit while speaking the English language. In other words, he mimicks the Indian way of speaking English with so many faults, and the poem is highly amusing. The speaker says that their dear sister, Miss Pushpa is leaving for a foreign country, and they all wish her bon voyage. In his speech, he again and again uses the present continuous tense instead of the simple present, which creates a ridiculous effect. He says that they â€Å"are all knowing† the sweet nature of Miss Pushpa who â€Å"is smiling and smiling for no reason, but simply because she is feeling†. The speaker goes on to say that her father was a renowned advocate in Bulsar or Surat, and that he is â€Å"not remembering† the correct place. We will write a custom essay sample on Farewell Party for Miss Pushpa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then he suddenly remembers that the place is Surat. He seems to be a poor speaker when he points out the irrelevant fact that he stayed there once with his uncle’s very old friend whose â€Å"wife was cooking nicely. † Again, the speaker starts praising Miss Pushpa, and says that she is very popular with men and ladies also. Whenever he asked her to do anything, she said,† Just now only I will do it†. Clearly the speaker means Miss Pushpa’s readiness to do any work, and the unnecessary use of â€Å"just† and â€Å"only† exhibits the Indian speaker’s ignorance of the usage of English words, creating laughter and fun. The speaker’s frequent wrong use of the present continuous instead of the simple present is further revealed in his speech when he says that he is always appreciating Miss Pushpa’s good nature, and â€Å"she is always saying yes† when he or anybody â€Å"is asking† any help. The speaker concludes his amusing speech, saying that they are wishing Miss Pushpa bon voyage. He informs that Miss Pushpa ‘will do the summing up†, when the other speakers finish their talk. What he means is that Miss Pushpa will respond to their words of praise in the end. Thus the poet makes fun of the faulty Indian way talking English. THEME: bad and ungrammatical english spoken by people of india.. this poem is a mockery on indian english, not to indians or india

Collective bargaining Essay Example

Collective bargaining Essay A labor union is an association of workers formed for the primary objective of influencing the employers decisions and policies concerning employment conditions. In the event that demands of employees are not met by management, employees turn to the labor union for assistance. Labor isolation Labor relations are governed by a number of legislations. Said legislation provides among other things the following: 1 ) Procedure for union elections 2) Requirement for employers to bargain with a union 3) Defines and prohibits certain unfair labor practices on the part of the employer that might discourage fair bargaining) Controls for improper practices 5) Rights of union member 6) Government-regulated system of collective bargaining COLLECTIVE BARGAINING G Collective bargaining is a social process. It requires negotiations between representatives of management and labor to accomplish in writing an agreement covering terms and conditions of employment. Collective bargaining is aimed at working toward the attainment of new equilibrium between two social forces and to make easier the maintenance of the established equilibrium. Notwithstanding the difficulties to be met, elective bargaining is an effective practice to preserve labor-management autonomy in a free and democratic society. Collective bargaining is a continuous process. Although negotiations take place only periodically, after the contract is signed, a number of parts of the bargaining process remain to be performed. We will write a custom essay sample on Collective bargaining specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Collective bargaining specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Collective bargaining specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Stipulations contained in the contract must be communicated to managers, employees and other union officers. Meanwhile, both parties keep watching for flaws in their contract so that they can introduce amendments at the succeeding negotiations. They furthermore study local industry-wide and nationwide labor relations developments to see how their own contract may, in some ways, be affected. Collective bargaining is a flexible, give and take process, it, therefore, requires both careful preparations and skilful maneuvering with flexibility. Negative attitudes bring about a wrong emotional tone in bargaining sessions. Planning for Negotiations Management must first look into the state of its labor relations because each forthcoming bargaining will be contingent on what has gone before that. This will help the management determine if they will be antagonistic or cooperative. Management should also consider the possible attitude it would face across the bargaining table. Trouble existing within the union may spill over the bargaining sessions. Top management should appoint a bargaining team and work with it in developing the basic bargaining strategy and an effective bargaining plan. Participation by supervisors and middle managers should be encouraged by top management in planning for negotiations. They are the people who are actually posted on the provisions of the contract and are well-informed on the strong and weak points contained therein. Bargaining Tactics The following are the three (3) tactics commonly used by bargainers to make their bargaining more effective: 1) A recess Whenever negotiators become fatigue or when members of a bargaining committee desire to discuss some important points privately, they request a recess. This allow the parties to return to the conference table with united front, after reconsidering their position and after gathering more information to back up their stand. ) Delay of Deliberation When negotiations are stalled on troublesome issues they request that the matter be tabled and taken up in subsequent meetings. They expect that the situation or the negotiating atmosphere will change to enable them to more easily resolve the issue under consideration. 3) Counterproposal Alternative solutions to problems are presented by negotiating parties. Usually the union does most of the asking. Management, on the other hand tries to reduce whatever may reverse the one-way relationship and grab the initiation of ideas away from the union negotiators. Mediation and Contract Settlement In the event that an agreement cannot be reached, the union may stage a strike or a mediator brought to the negotiating table by one of the parties or by the government. The mediator must be an outside specialist who is unbiased, emotionally stable and with a wide experience. He must be able to present fresh viewpoints, not previously considered, in settlement of the issues under consideration. He serves as a confidential intermediary for both parties. When an agreement is reached, it should be put into writing as clearly and to the point, as much as possible. Unless most readers can understand it, it will not be of benefit. The contract is written to stabilize relationships so that the use of legal terminologies should be minimized. After the signing of the contract, the next Step is to communicate it to those who are to work under its rules, in accordance with it stipulations. GRIEVANCE SYSTEMS A grievance system is a formal system through which disputes over working rules are expressed, processed and judged in an organization. It provides a means by which all edged wrongs may be justifiably resolved among an organizations members. What is grievance? Grievance is defined as any real or imagined feeling of personal injustice that an employee has about the employment relationship. In some unionized organizations, a grievance is taken to mean any protested violation of the labor agreement. A person harboring dissatisfaction may present a grievance with for himself and/or for others. A person may file a grievance with the grievance system formally. If stated informally, it is at times referred to only as a complaint or a gripe. Grievance Rates The grievance rate is stated in terms of the number of written cases in a erred. Grievance rate is usually 5 to 20. A low rate is not necessarily desirable because it may manifest a suppression of grievances. Grievances are developed by all employees of all types and at all levels. Ways to reduce grievance: 1) Effective contract administration- Fair, open and prompt adjudication of problems that arise tends to lessen misunderstanding underlying many grievances. 2) Participative management- Whenever employees participate in decision-making regarding working conditions, they have fewer reasons to file grievances about them. Benefits of Grievance System ) Helps make employees problems known 2) Encourage solution of problems before they become serious 3) Helps prevent future problems 4) Gives employees emotional release for their dissatisfactions 5) Helps establish and maintain a working relationship in the group 6) Provides a check and balance on arbitrary management actions Grievance Procedures 1) Employee (the grievance) discusses grievance with the supervisor 2) Employee presents grievance in writing to the supervisor 3) Steward present grievance to department head 4) Union present grievance to general manager 5) Grievance is submitted to impartial arbiter It is important that a grievance be processed within a short span of time and that, delays should be avoided. Delays in action prevent immediate settlement, which may be misunderstood by the grievance. A supervisor who delays acting a grievance in effect strengthens the grievances cause and gives the impression that the impression that the supervisor sees the soundness of the grievance which he is afraid to face. Arbitration If the grievance is not settled at the organizations hierarchical level, either labor or management may submit the case to arbitration, for a final and ending decision by a third party or parties. The arbitrators decisions govern only until the next collective bargaining negotiation. The interpretation of what the existing contract means is referred to as grievance arbitration. Arbitration to establish new contract terms is referred to as contract arbitration. The former leads to grievance settlement, whereas the latter replaces collective bargaining agreement. Benefits of Arbitrators in Arbitration 1) Arbitrators are outsiders who bring a fresh perspective. 2) Arbitrators are not emotionally involved in the dispute ) They can render a decision that usually is enforceable in the courts.

The Dynamics of Flirting essays

The Dynamics of Flirting essays The 21st century has revolutionized the way we interact with others and view the world; technology made it is easier to communicate, network, and even flirt with others. Computers transformed themselves into becoming the new cupid via instant messaging, chat-rooms and online dating in which flirting is easier in these spaces. Also the rise of social networking sites even made it possible to find a significant other; for example, my friend met his current girlfriend of six months through Facebook. However, there are still remnants of traditional flirting in the sense where we still meet people who attracts us at common locations, such as a bar or party. Both offline and online flirting have similar goals of starting and following a sexual and/or romantic relationship with other people; but simultaneously, they have different approaches in meeting new people. With the use of my interview, I am going to analyze the male and female perspective of flirting online and offline and the many opportunities and restrictions that correspond with flirting. Although the ways we flirt have changed dramatically, ideas of gender has not: both in the past and present, men seek physical attractiveness in a partner whereas women seek financial stability. Additionally, I will further examine the double standard of gender and how it stagnantly remains unaffected in todays society and its effect on how one approach and flirts with another. There are many opportunities in flirting online as well offline in which they have similar attitudes and tactics when talking to others. Flirting often involves an erotic energy between two people escalated by alcohol, music, attractive people, and sexy outfits (Hamilton Armstrong 605). Both my male and female interviewees (Ages 21) agree on the parallels of flirting to see where the dating potential lies and decide how far the romantic and sexual relationship goes. Fl...

Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inflation - Essay Example There have been cases around the globe known as hyperinflation. Though there is no official definition for it, it is generally accepted as a 50% annual inflation rate. Ecuador suffered through a 96% inflation rate in 2000 ("Background Note: Ecuador"). This was caused by a weak economy, massive debt from El Nino in 1998, and a floating currency. The president was ousted in Jan. 2000 and caused a 75% spike in a one-month period. The new government restructured the debt, privatized state owned industries, and tied the currency to the US dollar. The following years saw lower rates and it had dropped to 1.9% in 2004 ("Background Note: Ecuador"). The war and economic hardships in the former Yugoslavia resulted in inflation rates in the period 1971-91 of 69 percent, with hyperinflation of more than 50 percent per month in 1989 (Hanke). According to experts, Slobodan Milosevic triggered the hyperinflation by granting $1.8 billion in unauthorized credits to Serbian-owned enterprises (Hanke). It was only brought under control when the war ended and a new government was installed. Though the UAE and Dubai have not seen these rates of inflation, it has been on the rise in recent years. It was 2.8% in 2002 and is estimated to hit 20% in 2006. That was up from 10.5% in 2005 ("United Arab Emirates"). The rate was 3.2% and 4.6% in 2003-2004.

Business Strategy and the Role of Information for the Organization Term Paper

Business Strategy and the Role of Information for the Organization - Term Paper Example Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) argue that the mission statement of the organization is the element that reflects upon the core strategies of the organization itself. This makes it clear that the mission statement is the critical element for the successful evaluation of the existing strategies in an organization. In light of the aforementioned arguments, the mission statement for the organization under scrutiny is presented below. From the mission statement, it is clear that the Office of the Attorney General and the Chief State Solicitors office are predominantly involved in accomplishing effectiveness in legal services provided to the customers through gaining efficiency in performance. The mission statement also reveals that the quality of service is the critical element for the organization in both the external and internal customers scenario as mentioned in the strategy statement of the Office of the Attorney General. From the review of the strategy statement of the Offic e of the Attorney general, it is clear that the organization is not only striving to accomplish effective customer service through improving quality but also increasingly focusing upon the development of the human resource as well as the overall organization status in the public. The presence of the Management Advisory Committee in the organization as the monitor 'to ensure that all key strategic, business and management decisions for the Office are discussed collectively before any relevant issues are further developed in a partnership approach involving management, unions, and staff', further justifies that the strategic positioning of the organization   as argued by Richard Lynch (2003) is the key to effectiveness in performance within the organization.   

The Topic is Post Merger Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Topic is Post Merger Integration - Essay Example A merger can be seen as the coming together of two or more firms of fairly the same size following a joint decision to form an entirely new firm, sharing power equally. (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002; Randeniya and Roivas, 2004). Three types of mergers can be identified: vertical integration where two firm engaged in different stages of production of the same good/service come together, horizontal mergers where two firms at the same stage of production come together and conglomerates where two firms producing unrelated goods/services come together (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002; Randeniya and Roivas, 2004). Vertical can further be split into forward vertical and backward vertical mergers.(Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002). A merger may occur to achieve the following results. An acquisition on the other hand is a union of two firms in one of them survives while the other goes out of existence. (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002). In certain occasions, the absorbed company may retain its individual identity if it is an important strategic element, for example, when Ford acquired Volvo, Volvo was still allowed to keep its brand name.(Randeniya and Roivas, 2004). ... (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002; Karin and Elisabet, 2006). The distinction between mergers and acquisitions can viewed from three angles, viz: The strategic reason or purpose underlying the decision; Whether it is a friendly or hostile consolidation; The degree of integration between the firms. (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002) Generally speaking, the motives for mergers and acquisitions can be broadly divided into two, viz, the financial and non-value maximizing reasons. The financial reason: This deals with the financial value of the firm as a whole and looks at aspects such as increasing overall performance and creating shareholder value. (Risberg, 2006). This is due to the gains of synergy and overcoming of information asymmetry which might have been existing in the stand alone firms. (Risberg, 2006). Also, the firm's inability to fund certain marginally profitable projects as stand alone institutions is a motivating financial factor behind mergers. There is also the non-value-maximising marginally based motive behind mergers. This arises mainly due to the manager's desires to increase power, sales or growth. This reason is also known as personal or strategic reasons. (Risberg, 2006). In a merger, the newly formed firm has a completely new name while in an acquisition, the absorbed firm may retain its name, though management is handled by the acquiring firm. (Randeniya and Roivas, 2004). Other remote reasons for mergers of acquisitions are psychological motives which is mainly fear. Thus, we find a situation where firms come together or acquire others or due to the fear of being acquired by other larger more efficient firms. (Risberg, 2006). Again, as firms grow old, they become rigid and more

Relationship Between VO2 Max And Gender Physical Education Essay

Relationship Between VO2 Max And Gender Physical Education Essay Within the exercise world the most widely accepted measure of cardiovascular fitness is VO2 max. Also known as maximal oxygen uptake, VO2 max is defined by Albernethy et al (1996) as the maximum amount of oxygen than can be absorbed and transported to working tissues for use within the body. This literature also states that athletes with a high VO2 max are typically know to be endurance athletes whereas athletes with a lower VO2 max are classified as either power or sprint athletes. Whilst relationship between types of exercise and VO2 max are clearly defined, the relationship between VO2 max and gender is still a topic which is widely debated within the exercise world. After reviewing literature from Martin et al (1991), Rowland et al (2000) and Suth (2005) it is evident that males have a higher VO2 max than that of females, regardless of age. Despite this, all articles indicate that body composition and cardiac size are both major determinants of VO2 max. Rowland et al (2000) found that in adolescents, VO2 max is higher in males in both absolute terms and relative to body mass. Interestingly, at the age of 18 males have a 75% greater VO2 max when expressed as an absolute value as opposed to a 25-30% higher VO2 max relative to body mass (Rowland et al, 2000). As we venture into adulthood, females are said to have a body fat content which is 1.7 times greater than males and as a result there is a noteworthy gender difference in VO2 max when looking at absolute values (Suth, 2005). However, when looking at VO2 max relative to lean body mass the differences between genders are reduced by almost 50%. In the study conducted by Martin et al (1991) groups of sedentary and trained men and women were tested for VO2 max. The result yielded from the experiment indicate that males had a greater VO2 max both relative to body mass and when compared to the study groups. The aim of the current study was to conduct a two submaximal cardiovascular fitness tests on a sample of mixed gender university students in order to examine the relationship between VO2 max and gender. Two submaximal fitness tests, namely the Astrand-Ryhming step test and YMCA Protocol test were used in order to obtain the results and perform the analysis between genders. Method Subjects The study consisted of a total 83 participants, who were recruited from the faculty of human movement studies during laboratory sessions, which included 42 males and 41 females. Each of the participants was required to complete two fitness tests which aimed at determining their maximal oxygen uptake or VO2 max. Prior to undertaking the fitness tests each participant recorded their gender, age, height and weight by means of classification and analysis upon the tests completion. This data, represented as mean  ± standard deviation (SD), is as follows. Males (42) mean  ± SD: Age 19.07  ± 3.85 yrs, Height 181.39  ± 6.36 cm, Weight 76.88  ± 8.87 kg. Females (41) mean  ± SD: Age 18.28  ± 1.73 yrs, Height 181.39  ± 6.36 cm, Weight 60.05  ± 6.93 kg. In addition the participants were grouped into groups of 2-3, along with recording their 85% HR max for testing purposes. Testing Protocols Prior to the conduction of the Astrand-Ryhming step test and YMCA Protocol test, various conditions of testing were followed in order to ensure the same standard and validity of testing between groups. It was expressed that participants were to have not participated in heavy exercise nor have had and stimulants or heavy means in the four hours prior to testing. Also it was mentioned that participants were to be well hydrated and wearing clothing and footwear appropriate for physical activity. Finally, it must be noted that in ideal circumstances, temperature and humidity levels should be standardised. Astrand-Ryhming step test: For this test participants were required to set up steps at specific heights of both 40cm (males) and 33cm (females). In order to complete the test correctly the subjects had to step up and down on the platform at a rate of 22.5 complete ascents and descents per minute. This translated to a 4count on a metronome set at 90 beats per minute (bpm). Each participant was required to step for 6 minutes with their heart rate (HR) being recorded at the end of each minute. It was expressed that the test was not to exceed 10 minutes and the test be stopped if the HR exceed 85% HR max. The test was deemed completed when the difference between the final two values was less than 6 bpm. Upon completion of the test the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram was used to estimate the participants VO2 max. YMCA Protocol test: For this particular test, participants were required to cycle for multiple intervals of three minutes according to a modified guide which was based on the participants HR. In order to ensure that the bike was at a comfortable height, students had to adjust the height of the cycle ergometer so that the knee was slightly flexed at the bottom of the downstroke. At the beginning of the test the student was required to pedal at 50 revolutions per minute (rpm) by means of warm up. The first workload on the ergometer was set at 25 watts (W) which the participant cycled for three minutes with their HR being recorded for the last 15 seconds of the 2nd and 3rd minutes. After the first three minutes had been completed the HR from the 2nd and 3rd minutes was analysed to determine the work-rate (WR) category for the remainder of the test, ensuring that the HR for this period differed by no more than 6. The participant then had to continue riding moving to subsequent WR after every three minutes u ntil the successive HR differed by no more than 6 bpm. The test was concluded when the participant had at least two WR with corresponding steady state heart rates between 110 bpm and 85% HR max. Data Collection Procedures The data collection process for the Astrand-Ryhming step test required participants to record their HR at 1 minute intervals until the steady state had been reached and the test completed. This raw data was used in correlation with both the participants weight and Astrand-Ryhming Nomogram to find their Raw VO2 max (L.min). For the YMCA Protocol test a chart was used whereby HR was plotted against WR. Firstly a horizontal line was drawn where the subjects age-predicted HR max lies. Secondly the HR from the last minute of each of the last two WR was plotted against the corresponding WR. Next a straight line is drawn joining these two values as well as intersecting the line of the subjects age-predicted HR max. From this point a vertical line was drawn downwards which intersected the work-rate and VO2 scales below the horizontal axis consequently determining the subjects VO2 levels (L.min). Data Analysis Procedures For the Astrand-Ryhming step test, the subjects age determined VO2 max was predicted by using the age correlation factor table which was located in the age correction factor for determination of predicted VO2 max table and multiplying it by the Raw VO2 max levels. Further analysis was conducted by converting this value from L.min to ml.kg.min in order express VO2 max relative to body mass. Like the analysis procedure for the Astrand-Ryhming step test, the relative body mass VO2 max was also determined for the YMCA Protocol test. This method differed from the Astrand-Ryhming step test as the age correction table was not used; instead age was incorporated into the graph for plotting HR against WR. Results After completion of the two sub-maximal fitness tests it was evident from the tests that males (49.09  ± 11.48) as a whole group recorded a higher VO2 max level in the YMCA Protocol Test as opposed to females (46.42  ± 11.81). Despite this, when analysing results for the Astrand-Ryhming step test it was discovered that as an entire cohort, females (48.26  ± 10.51) recorded an average higher VO2 max than their male (47.66  ± 8.04) counterparts. In addition, it is evident that males (H: 181.39  ± 6.36 cm, W: 76.88  ± 8.87 kg) have a higher average height and weight as opposed to women (H: 164.34  ± 26.94 cm, W: 60.05  ± 6.93 kg). Figure 1 refers to the average group VO2 max between males and females for both sub-maximal fitness tests. Based on this figure it is evident that males have a higher mean value for both tests than women. Conversely, women have a greater spread of data for the Astrand-Ryhming step test as opposed to men, as well as having higher maximum values for the YMCA Protocol Test. Males seem to have a fairly even spread of data for both tests, which correlates to their higher average VO2 max in the YMCA Protocol Test. Table 1: Average ( ± SD) values for males and females age, height (cm), weight (kg) and VO2 max (ml.kg.min) Age Weight (kg) Height (m) YMCA Protocol Test (ml.kg.min) Astrand-Ryhming step test (ml.kg.min) Males 19.07  ± 3.85 76.88  ± 8.87 181.39  ± 6.36 49.09  ± 11.48 47.66  ± 8.04 Females 18.28  ± 1.73 60.05  ± 6.93 164.34  ± 26.94 46.42  ± 11.81 48.26  ± 10.51 Figure 1: Box plot of average VO2 max between males and females for both sub-maximal fitness tests Discussion The gender differences of VO2 max for the study somewhat reflects the observations and results recorded in previous literature. Previous studies on gender research have indicated that males have a higher VO2 max than that of females, in both absolute terms and relative to body mass (Rowland et al, 2000). It was found that after the completion of the current study that this research was only partly confirmed as males were found to have a higher VO2 max in the YMCA Protocol Test, whilst females recorded a higher VO2 max in the Astrand-Ryhming step test. It is believed that differences in body composition are the main contributing factor as to why VO2 max levels differ between genders. When analysing height and weight components between males (H: 181.39  ± 6.36 cm, W: 76.88  ± 8.87 kg) and females (H: 164.34  ± 26.94 cm, W: 60.05  ± 6.93 kg), it was evident that males were on average significantly larger than females. This correlates with research conducted by Rowland et al (2000) which states that majority of males can produce a higher VO2 max due to the fact they are anatomically bigger. As a result of their larger size it is known that males have larger chest cavities and consequently larger lungs, which equates to them having a larger lung capacity and consequent VO2 max levels. This evidence is closely associated with the results produced from the YMCA Protocol Test as males (49.09  ± 11.48) produced a considerably higher VO2 max than that of females (46.42  ± 11.81). Evidently body composition is not the only determinant of VO2 max as personal fitness levels and training background may also play a major part in VO2 max levels (Suth, 2005). In addition to this, personal motivation could have also contributed to the overall results from the tests. Suth (2005) revealed that there is a high correlation between personal fitness, training background and VO2 max regardless of gender. Consequently, regardless of body composition or gender, a person who participates regularly in moderate to vigorous physical activity will have a higher VO2 max than that of a sedentary individual. With the selected sample being human movement studies students, who all have an interest in sport, it is likely that majority of participants would engage in physical activity resulting in them having above average fitness levels. Whilst training background and prior fitness levels were not extensively measured prior to the test is may be assumed that this concept is a possible e xplanation for the females (48.26  ± 10.51) recording a marginally higher VO2 max than males (47.66  ± 8.04) in the Astrand-Ryhming step test. Key limitations to this study could have had a direct correlation to the results which were recorded from the study. Mainly the fact that the two sub-maximal fitness tests were performed directly after each other could have had a direct bearing on the results. This is because following the first test, depending on how exhausting it was, the subject could have been pre-fatigued and possibly performing below their optimal performance levels consequently producing a lower VO2 max level. Another limitation to the study is the fact that training background and fitness levels were not extensively analysed prior to the studies conduction. This is particularly evident as all of the studies participants, as they are a part of the faculty of human movement studies, would be assumed to have above average VO2 max levels consequently not providing much difference between males and females. Conversely, if participants of this study were compared against a group of sedentary individuals different r esults outlining differences between fitness levels and genders could be expected. Similarly, it would be expected that the VO2 max results for the second test would be lower than the first due to fatigue. Looking forward to the future, ensuring that all participants perform each test in the same order, or possibly on different days, will mean that the results obtained from the tests will project the optimal efforts of the participants. Conversely, a downfall to this would be that it would take more time to obtain results from the two tests. Also, another idea is to groups participants according to body mass and/or height in order to determine whether maximal oxygen uptake is governed by gender or body composition.

Serious Errors within Rene Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy :: Philosophy Religion Essays

Serious Errors within Rene Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy One of Rene Descartes’ major culminations in Meditations on First Philosophy is â€Å"I must finally conclude that this proposition, I am, I exist, is necessarily true whenever it is put forward by me or conceived in my mind† (Descartes:17). This statement can be explicated by examining Descartes’ Cartesian method of doubt and his subsequent discovery of basic truths. Even though I do believe that Descartes concludes with a statement that is accurate: cogito ergo sum, there are areas of his proof that are susceptible to defamation. These objections discover serious error with Descartes’ method used in determining the aforementioned conclusion. In the first meditation, Descartes makes a conscious decision to search for â€Å"in each of them [his opinions] at least some reason for doubt†(12). Descartes rejects anything and everything that can be doubted and quests for something that is undeniably certain. The foundation of his doubt is that his opinions are largely established by his senses, yet â€Å"from time to time I [Descartes] have found that the senses deceive, and it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once†(12). First, Descartes establishes that error is possible, employing the example of the straight stick that appears bent when partially submerged in water, as mentioned in the Sixth Replies (64-65). Secondly, he proves that at any given time he could be deceived, such is the case with realistic dreams. Further, Descartes is able to doubt absolutely everything since it cannot be ruled out that â€Å"some malicious demon †¦ has employed all his energies in or der to deceive me† (15). The malicious demon not only causes Descartes to doubt God, but also sends him â€Å"unexpectedly into a deep whirlpool which tumbles me around so that I can neither stand on the bottom or swim on the top†(16). Descartes has reached the point where he must begin to rebuild by searching for certainty. In the second meditation, Descartes is searching for an Archimedian point on which to seed a pearl of certainty. By doubting everything in his first meditation, Descartes consequently doubts his own existence. It is here that a certainty is unearthed: â€Å"If I convinced myself of something then I certainly existed†(17). However, Descartes â€Å"does not deduce existence from thought by means of syllogism, but recognizes it as something self-evident by a simple intuition of the mind,† or in other words, by natural light (Second Replies:68).

Mis Paper on Movie Industry

One hotly contested and highly competitive industry is the movie rental business. You can rent videos from local video rental stores, you can order pay-per-view from the comfort of your own home, and you can rent videos from the Web at such sites as NetFlix. Using Porter's Five Forces Model, evaluate the relative attractiveness of entering the movie rental business. Is buyer power low or high? Is supplier power low or high? Which substitute products and services are perceived as threats? Can new entrants easily enter the market? What are the barriers to entry? What is the level of rivalry among existing competitors? What is your overall view of the movie rental business? Is it a good or bad industry to enter? Why? The model I will be using to evaluate the relative attractiveness of entering the movie rental business is Redbox that have become a leader in kiosk DVD rentals with low prices and ease of renting movies. Buying power is low in this market because there is only a few distributors and the each are selling the same movies so the price they pay is relativity the same for each customer with very little price difference. The price of movies has gone up on the newer types of DVD’s ( blu-ray) but it has gone up for everyone, but the volume of movies sold by Redbox offsets that increase. The bargaining power of the customers determines the pressure customers put on a particular market. Redbox’s business model considers this in the following ways:Â   Customers generally do not buy large volumes of the product. There are only a few operators in the industry. The fixed cost by suppliers is high, but this applies to competitors as well. There is really no legal substitute for the product. Customers are price-sensitive, but Redbox provides the product cheaper then all of its competitors. Customers can not produce the product. The product is of strategically importance – entertainment. The threat of alternative products does not exist. It is only the distribution of the product that has alternative modes. The customer gets the same brand of the same quality with Redbox as with any other seller in the industry. Close customer relations do exist, but not in the conventional sense; however, it exist through customer service and online. There is no notable difference in the price for performance – except the ease of obtaining Redbox’s products. Redbox’s business model deals with the different pressures of new entrants in the following ways:Â   Competition would have to develop an enterprise of significant size to be considered a threat. The have secured many of the prize locations for their kiosk (Wal-Mart, McDonald’s, Walgreen’s). A company would be hard press to find better locations to compete on the same level as redbox. Considering the volume of hardware, software and personnel; the initial cost to competitors would be very high. The machines are extremely expensive plus having the software and personnel to run them. Existing competitors, (Blockbusters) though experienced, are not prepared to compete in a kiosk rental capacity. But they are moving in that direction Blockbuster as an example has said it will close some of it stores and put in kiosks instead, called Blockbuster Express. The loyalty in this industry is to the product, not the distributor. Existing competitors will have to completely reinvent their business to compete in that Market. Most competitors’ strategies are out-dated and are playing catch up to redbox’s business model, The product is the same between competitors; it is Redbox’s kiosks presence that makes it more attractive. The market growth is constant. Rivalry among competitors is very high and they are always looking for more ways to bring the customer to them and away from the competition, they use advertising, promotions, and price cuts to get customers to use them. Redbox has done a good job of competing by using the low price of its product verses it competition. Before redbox an average rental was between 3 and 4 dollars for one or two nights. With redbox lowering the price to one dollar a night and using the convenience of an atm style platform it set the competitors scrambling to match that price point. I have a different view of the movie industry then most I feel because of the situation I am in as owning my own store for the last ten years. When I first started out we only had vhs tapes and they were very expansive to buy for rental which was offset by the fact that you could not buy new release at Wal-Mart for 30 to 45 days so the customer had to rent from you. With the invention of the dvd the studios began selling to Wal-Mart on the same day it came out at the video store, so now customers could buy it instead of renting it of course the price came down but so did the profits. Then with redbox entering the market the total price point changed. The dollar price point does not leave much room for profit unless there is a large turnover. The small mom and pop stores are hard pressed to compete in this market because they can not buy in volume or sell as many products to make it affordable. If I was starting my business today I would not open a brick and mortar store I would try to get into the kiosk market. But I would do it in a way that would be unique. I would go to smaller markets with less competition and sell my product at a higher price then redbox but cheaper then the brick and motor stores. Works Cited http://www. slashfilm. com/2009/09/16/blockbuster-may-close-20-of-locations-is-the-chains-future-kiosk-only

Essay Hunger Games 5 Grade Report

Essay Hunger Games 5 Grade Report Essay Hunger Games 5 Grade Report The Sappy Times The Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins Matthew Sappington, period BMrs.Garison Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen. Josh Hutcherson as PeetaMellark. Woody Harrelson as Haymitch. Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne. Alexander Ludwig as Cato. Table of Contents Pg. 2: Stars Pg. 3: Summary Pg. 4-5: Part 1 Pg. 6: Part 2 Pg. 7: Part 3 Summary In the ruins of a place once known as North America lies the nation of Panem, a shining Capitol surrounded by twelve outlying districts. One boy and girl between the ages of twelve and eighteen must participate in the annual Hunger Games, a fight to the death on live TV. Asixteen-year-old girl named Katniss Everdeen steps forward to take her sisters place in the Games. Katniss has been close to dead before-and survival, for her, is second nature. If she is to win she will have to start making choices that weigh survival against humanity and life against love. Part One Katniss wakes up and sees prim her little sister who turned twelve that year was terrified because the day of the reaping was soon and she was old enough to be picked in the reaping curled up to their mother. Katniss gets ready to go hunting in the woods. She must cross an electric fence that is usually not on only in late evening though, she listens to hear the hum of the fence being on but it is silent and good to cross although it is illegal. She gets her bow and arrows from a hollowed log. She looks around for animals and then sees Gale and Gale says â€Å"hey catnip†. He usually calls her that because he tried to whisper her name to him and he thought she said catnip. They sit down and gale says ‘’oh yeah here Happy Hunger Games!† and pulls bread out katniss smells the bread and her mouth waters. A lot of stuff was valuable like fresh, warm, good food was very valuable. Gale says â€Å"we can run off too into the wood† then Katniss says we have f amily and we wouldn’t make it five miles. They agree, later they leave because they must go to the annual Hunger Games reaping held each year, each district sends one girl and one boy to the annually held Hunger Games, a fight to the death. Katniss and Prim head to the reaping as long as everyone else in the district, Prim starts to cry and katniss tells her â€Å"it’s ok†. When everybody gets there EffieTrinket wearing a bright dress and a lot of makeup says â€Å"Happy Hunger Games! May the odds be ever in your favor†. There were two balls one with the boys names and one with the girls names and they were to be randomly picked. When Effie reaches into the girl’s ball and grabs a piece of paper and opens it and reads out Primrose Everdeen. Prim starts to walk up to the stage and then Katniss tries to get her but Peace Keepers hold her back and then she screams â€Å"I volunteer†. Katniss then tells prim to go back to mom but prim starts cry ing and screaming as Gale comes and picks her up and takes her away. Katniss walk

Copper Cycle Lab Report Essay Example

Copper Cycle Lab Report Essay Example Copper Cycle Lab Report Paper Copper Cycle Lab Report Paper In conclusion my percent recovery of copper was 100% due to the adequate amounts of solutions and achievement of proper chemical reactions. Equipment and Materials: Copper Metal (penny) Nitric Acid (HON..)(aqua) Sodium Hydroxide (Noah)(aqua) sulfuric ACid Ammonium Hydroxide (NH)(aqua) Hydrochloric Acid (HCI)(aqua) Zinc powder 2 100 ml Beakers 250 ml Waste Beaker 400 ml Beaker Filter paper Plastic Dropper 250 ml Erlenmeyer Flask Forceps Plastic Funnel Red Litmus paper Spatula Steel Wool Glass stirring rod Small test tube Tongs Wash bottle Watch Glass Procedure: l. Weigh a pre-1982 penny (should be around 3 grams) II. Measure ml of concentrated nitric acid, HON..(aqua), into a 100 ml beaker under a fume hood. Place penny into the beaker of nitric acid and observe the reaction. After 5 seconds remove penny with forceps and place into second beaker. Ill. Add approximately ml of denizen water into second beaker to remove any remaining copper ion traces and place rinse into first beaker with nitric acid. Record your observations of the copper (II) nitrate, Cue(NON)2. Dry and weigh the penny to see how much of the copper mass was removed. IV. Pour the solution from the first beaker into a clean 250 ml beaker while inside the fume hood.

English 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English 101 - Essay Example I discover they are so much like me and thus it provides me a chance to understand the diversity present within USA. I have made so many friends in a short span of time that I almost feel I do not need any more yet I know friends are less even when they are in numbers. I recognize my time was a sense of commitment and the hard work that I have to put in. This, I say because I know I have to prove my worth within the coming times of professional domains and for that I need to be punctual and on time, always. My life away from my family gets depressing at times but then again my friends and colleagues make it special for me. They make sure that they have some surprise in store to make me feel happy and satisfied at all times. I like the way people can easily meet and interact with each other, in USA. I dislike the way the immigration policies are the strictest in this country than anywhere else. The difficult things that I have felt here include my time at the immigration counter, the thorough checking and question-answer session and the way I need to properly document myself every month or so. However I love my life within USA barring these

The Microsoft Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

The Microsoft Case - Essay Example The company was involved with zero marginal price deals with computer producers that brought stiff competition in the market because other companies would not meet this zero marginal price. According to the Kiang (2010), the company was illegally leveraging its monopoly power in the operating systems market by giving its applications programmers with unfair lead time. The company was involved a with license agreement in which conditions had minimum commitments that amounted to exclusive dealings by the monopolist. Moreover, the antirust behavior investigation was as a result of claims by Novell that the company was unlawfully trying DOS windows in the market. The Microsoft managed to hide some interfaces from third party applications software firms and it intentionally sent error messages to users of other software when users tried to use it in combination with Microsoft’s operating system. Finally, the investigation was carried because the company had bought Intuit Company that had a market share of 90 percent. However, the merger would take the market structure from being duopoly to a monopoly, but Microsoft Company abandoned plans from the merger several weeks after the suit was brought that led to investigation of antitrust behavior of the company in the market. By tying to purchase the Intuit Company that had largest shares in the market, I agree the company was trying to adopt the monopoly power in the computer software industry. The company wanted to be a price taker in the market that could result into imperfect competition over other firms in the industry (Mukherje, 2010). Meanwhile, the company option of zero marginal price to its manufacturers show that it wanted to gain the monopoly market structure due to its marginal revenue that are greater than marginal cost. According to Hall and Lieberman (2005), the demand curve of the monopoly company slopes downward because the

In Vitro Fertilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

In Vitro Fertilization - Essay Example It is noteworthy that infertility is a problem affecting both parties in a relationship-male and female. There has been misconception that infertility is only a problem of females alone but this is not the case. Infertility is major problem affecting couples and individuals across the globe in both developed and underdeveloped world as a people have failed to get pregnant or sire because of one reason or another. For instance, it is estimated that at least 10 percent of men and women of reproductive age in the United States cannot conceive as per the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) statistics (Vorvick). Infertility in both male and female may occur in number of incidences. For instance, infertility in female occurs when the eggs are blocked in ovaries and as such cannot move to the womb. Other incidences occur when the ovaries are incapable of producing eggs, inability of the fertilized egg to survive once it sticks on uterus and finally inability of the embryo to stick on the lining of the uterus. Infertility in a male on the other hand may occur when there is a decrease in the sperm count, sperm is blocked from being released and finally when the sperm released is immatur e and weak. Infertility in both male and female is caused by a number of factors some of which are common while other unique to a particular gender. Key among the factors that cause infertility in female include but not limited to growth in the uterus such fibroids, cancer, autoimmune disorder, excessive exercising, certain medication, obesity, old age, pelvic inflammatory disease, excessive drinking of alcohol, scarring from STI, thyroid disease, hormonal imbalance, pelvic infection and or clotting disorder (Vorvick). Male infertility on the other hand is caused by a number of factors that include but not limited to birth defects, old age, hormonal imbalance, excessive

Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate hydrate Write-up Essay Example for Free

Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate hydrate Write-up Essay Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to form tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate hydrate and determine the yield. Materials CuSo4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5H2O NH3 (concentrated) Ethanol 50 cm3 measuring cylinder 250 cm3 beaker Spatula Equipment for vacuum filtration Procedure Weigh out approximately 5.0g of CuSo4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5H2O Dissolve it in 30 cm3 water in the beaker Add 10 cm3 concentrated ammonia (NH3) and stir the solution Add 40 cm3 ethanol and stir carefully for a couple of minutes. Filter the solution through equipment for vacuum filtration. Transfer the product to a clean weighing boat and leave to dry. Procedure and observations in class First 5.01g of CuSo4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5H2O was weighed out. After it was dissolved in 30 cm3 water, in the beaker, the solution got the colour blue. Next was 10 cm3 concentrated ammonia (NH3), which was added into the solution and the colour dark blue was observed. Then 40 cm3 ethanol was added and the solution got the colour bright blue. Then the solution was filtered through a Buchner flask and the final product was weighed in a plastic weighing boat. The total mass was 5.98g, from which the weight of the boat, 1.16g, has to be subtracted. So the mass of the final product was 5.98 1.16 = 4.82g. Data processing 1. Calculate the number of moles CuSo4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5H2O used. To find out the number of moles the formula n = m / Mr has to be used. Mr = 64 + 32 + (16 x 4) + (5 x 16) = 250 m = 5.01 n = 5.01 / 250 = 0.02004 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0200 moles (3 s.f.) 2. Concentrated ammonia contains 25% NH3 by mass. The density of concentrated ammonia is 0.91g/cm3 . Calculate the number of moles of NH3 . Density of con. ammonia = 0.91g/cm3 and in the procedure there was used 10 cm3, so therefore mass of ammonia used: 0.91 x 10 = 9.1g Since only 25% of ammonia is NH3 , mass of NH3 : 9.1 x 0.25 = 2.275g From here the amount of moles can be calculated by the formula n = m / Mr. Mr = 14 + (1 x 3) = 17 m = 2.275g n = 2.275 / 17 = 0.134 moles (3 s.f.) 3. Which of the reactants is in excess? Which is the limiting reagent? CuSo4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5H2O NH3 Number of moles (n) 0.02 0.134 Divide by smallest ratio 0.02 / 0.02 = 1 0.134 / 0.02 = 6.7 Divide by stoichiometric co-efficient from equation (Equation below this table) 1 / 1 = 1 6.7 / 4 = 1.675 Reactant in excess or limiting reagent Limiting reagent Reactant in excess (1)CuSO4 . 5H2O + 4NH3 Cu(NH3)4SO4 . H2O + 4H2O 4. Calculate the theoretical yield of Cu(NH3)4SO4 . H2O From the equation above it can be seen that the ratio between CuSO4 . 5H2O and Cu(NH3)4SO4 . H2O is 1 : 1. Therefore 0.02 moles of CuSO4 . 5H2O will give 0.02 moles of Cu(NH3)4SO4 . H2O. By using the formula m = Mr x n the theoretical yield can be calculated: n = 0.02 Mr = 246 m = 0.02 x 246 = 4.92 g Calculate the yield in percentage of the theoretical and comment on any difference. The yield in percentage can be calculated by the formula: actual mass / expected mass. 4.82 / 4.92 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 97.9% (3 s.f) Because the difference is so small (2.1%) the experiment can be considered successful. The difference could have been caused by different things like: a small measurement mistake, a little bit was spilt or not transferred when the solution was held in the Buchner flask.

Protecting Children from Exposure to Violence in the Media Essay

Protecting Children from Exposure to Violence in the Media Children and adolescents in the United States are exposed to violence in increasing numbers each year. This may seem like an obvious statement, but consider the following: The average child watches 21 to 23 hours of TV per week. This means that by the time this child reaches age 70, he will have spent 7 to 10 years in front of the television. And with regular Saturday morning children's television containing about 20 to 25 acts of violence per hour, it is no wonder the average person has viewed around 200,000 acts of violence by the time he reaches 18 years of age. And while tragedies such as Columbine cannot be explained simply by blaming media violence, it currently appears to be one of the most easily correctable contributing factors. The entertainment industry has maintained a stance that there is no link between media and real-life violence. And yet, scientific studies that number in the hundreds have concluded that there is not only a direct connection, but children repeatedly exposed to this type of violence lose the ability to discriminate between real-life and entertainment violence and tend to accept violence as an acceptable way to resolve even complex problems. The solution to this problem is a bit complex due to the multiple parties involved. Health care providers need to inform their patients and the public about the real effects these media messages send. The entertainment industry should ...

The Role of Female African American Sculptors in the Harlem Renaissance

The Role of Female African American Sculptors in the Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance, a time of global appreciation for the black culture, was a door opening for African American women. Until then, African Americans, let alone African American women, were neither respected nor recognized in the artistic world. During this time of this New Negro Movement, women sculptors were able to connect their heritages with the present issues in America. There is an abundance of culture and history to be learned from these sculptures because the artists creatively intertwine both. Meta Warrick Fuller and Edmonia Lewis, two of the most popular sculptors of this time, were able to reflect their native heritages and the dynamics of society through their artwork. Meta Warrick Fuller and Edmonia Lewis were two of the most renowned women sculptors during this time. Fuller and Lewis’ pieces showed how they connected with the social happenings of the time as well as portraying their African roots. Often their subjects were chosen to serve as a political mission or statement as to their feelings of societal issues. Often their subjects were chosen to serve as a political mission or statement as to their feelings of societal issues. Their sculptures support the idea that these women were products of living within a contact zone. As artists began to gain recognition in the artistic world, they continually represented what it meant to be black in America. Personalities and individualism were displayed through their work while simultaneously portraying the political, social, and economic conditions of being black. This idea runs parallel with Mary Louise Pratt’s (1990) definition of a contact zone. She defines it as a "term to refer... ...central rather than peripheral in the forging of a more liberating and intelligent visual culture in the United States" (p. 37). Works Cited Jackson, P. (1992). (in)Forming the Visual: (re)Presenting Women of African Descent. International Review of African American Art. 14 (3), 31-7. Kleeblatt, N. (1998). Master Narratives/Minority Artists. Art Journal, 57 (3), 29. Powell, R. (1998). Art of the Harlem Renaissance. American Art Review, 10 (2), 132-137. Pratt, M. (1990). Arts of the Contact Zone. Richardson, M. (1995). Edmonia Lewis’ The Death of Cleopatra Myth and Identity. African American Art. 12(2), 36-52 Savannah, G. (1998). African American Women Sculptors. American Art Review, 10, 162-5. Scwartz, B. (1997). African-Americans in the Visual Arts: A Historical Perspective. http://www.cwpost.linet.edu/cwis/library/aavaahp.htm

History Marking Scheme

Junior Certificate History Exam 2012 (Higher Level) 180 marks 150 minutes   S. 1 Pictures (15 marks) (8 ? %) 3 Pictures with 3 questions each S. 2 Documents (15 marks) (8 ? %) 2 Documents with 4/5 questions each S. 3 Short Questions (20 marks) (11 %) 20 Short Questions – Do TEN at least S. 4 People in History (40 marks – 2 x 20) (22%) N. B. DO ONE option from A & ONE option from B Section A – Ancient Civilisations/ Rome/ Early Christian Ireland/ Middle Ages/ RenaissanceSection B – Age of Revolutions/ Industrial Revolution/ Political Change in 20th Century Ireland/ S. 5 Long Document (30 marks) (16 ? %) ONLY ONE of the following sections will come up. Reformation Age of Revolutions (America, France, Ireland) Age of Exploration Industrial Revolution & 19th Century Ireland (Famine) Plantations S. 6 (60 marks) (33 1/3%) N. B. International Relations in the 20th Century (30) Political Change in 20th Century Ireland (30) (+ Two other sections from Junior Cert Course e. g. The Middle Ages/ Prehistoric Ireland) SECTION 4: PEOPLE IN HISTORY (2 x 20 marks)Do ONE OPTION from Part A & ONE OPTION from Part B Marking Scheme: SRS = Significant Relevant Statement (Each SRS = 2 marks) CM = 16 (8 x 2M) OM = Overall Mark OM = 4 VERY GOOD = 4M; GOOD = 3M; FAIR = 2M; POOR = 1M Guidelines: 1) ENSURE that you are writing from the correct perspective e. g. a supporter of a named revolutionary 2) Always include an introductory paragraph on the birth and early life of a named explorer/ reformer/ revolutionary leader etc. 3) Ensure that you STATE & EXPLAIN key concepts e. g. ‘Justification by Faith Alone’/ Republicanism/ Sailing West to reach the East Indies ) ALWAYS name & describe the widely-held beliefs of the time of the named person e. g. Church control over peoples’ religious beliefs/ Flat-Earth/ Ireland as part of the UK/ USA as a colony of England/ 5) NAME the group(s)/ organisation(s) who were founded by or supported the beliefs of the named person 6) ALWAYS NAME & DESCRIBE the impact of inventions/ innovations that aided the stated person & their beliefs/ revolution e. g. Printing Press/ Astrolabe/ Magnetic Compass/ Seed Drill/ Selective Breeding/ Factory System/ Steam Locomotive/ Home Rule/ IRB Fenianism/ Fascism/ Communism/ ) DESCRIBE & EXPLAIN how people and institutions reacted to the named person’s beliefs/ discoveries e. g. the Counter-Reformation/ superstitions of sailors during the Age of Discovery/ British refusal to accept Irish Independence/ 8) DESCRIBE the impact of the named person on later history itself: Spread of Protestantism throughout Europe/ Counter-Reformation/ Spanish Inquisition/ Discovery of American Continents/ New Colonies/ New ways of travelling/ Spread of Irish Republicanism/ Spread of Communism/ Spread of Fascism in Europe PART A OPTIONS (PEOPLE IN HISTORY) EARLY MODERN EUROPE & IRELAND A monk in an early Christian monastery in Ireland (2011/ 07/ 05) N. B. – A per son living in a named ancient civilisation OUTSIDE of Ireland. (11/ 09/ 06/ 04) N. B. – A farmer living in ancient (pre-Christian) Ireland. (08/ 05) – A named religious reformer at the time of the Reformation (2011/ 08) N. B. – An archaeologist working on a dig. (2010/ 07/ 04) – The lord or lady of a medieval castle. (2010/ 08) – A knight living in a medieval castle. (05) N. B. A named Renaissance artist from OUTSIDE of Italy. (2009) N. B. – A named Renaissance artist or sculptor (07 (PART B)/ 04) N. B. PART B OPTIONS (PEOPLE IN HISTORY) Later Modern Europe & Ireland – A named leader on a voyage during the Age of Exploration (2011/ 09/ 06 (PART A) N. B. – A native Irish landowner who lost land in a named plantation during the 16th or 17th centuries. (2011) – A settler who received land during a named plantation in Ireland during the 16th or 17th N. B. entury. (08/ 06 (PART A)/ 04) – A mine or factory worker during the Industrial Revolution. (07) N. B. – A factory or mine owner during the Industrial Revolution (05) N. B. – A named leader in the struggle for Irish independence, 1900-1921. (2011/ 07/ 05) N. B. – A named leader involved in a revolution (America, France or Ireland) during the period, 1770-1815. (2010/ 05) N. B. – A supporter of a named revolutionary leader during the period, 1770-1803. 06) N. B. – A named leader involved in one of the crises during the rise of the superpowers (Berlin Blockade; Korean War; Cuban Missile Crisis). (2010/ 06) N. B. – A named political leader in the Republic of Ireland during the period, 1960-1985. (08 ) – An old person describing changes that have occurred in communications in Ireland since 1945. (04) A – A named religious reformer at the time of the Reformation. (20 marks) A specific reformer (eg: Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII) must be named or implied, but no marks are awarded for the reformerâ⠂¬â„¢s name.If the name of the reformer is not mentioned, or is incorrect, but the material relates to a specific reformer, max. OM = 3. In the case of Luther, treat all material up to and including his ordination as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. In the case of Calvin, treat all material up to and including his conversion to Luther’s teaching as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. List of ‘abuses’, stated or explained, = 1 SRS. A belief/teaching explained = 1 SRS. A belief coupled with the relevant Catholic teaching = 1 SRS. 2 merely stated beliefs/teachings = 1 SRS. Teachings/beliefs = 3 SRSs max. ESSAY PLAN: NAME the reformer/ year of birth/ background & education – NAME & EXPLAIN the list of abuses within the Roman Church: – STATE the reformer’s beliefs and opinion of abuses in detail – NAME the steps he took to address these abuses – STATE & DESCRIBE the Church’s reaction to the reformer’s actions/ beliefs – NAME the reformer’s beliefs and EXPLAIN N. B. ***** – NAME any associates who aided the reformer – NAME any invention/ innovation that helped to spread the reformer’s beliefs – DESCRIBE the impact of the reformer’s teachings/ beliefs – DESCRIBE how the Church reacted to the reformerA – A knight living in a medieval castle. – Castle or Knight only dealt with – 1 OM. – Name of a castle feature + description / function = 1 SRS. – Mere list of castle features without description/function – 2 features = 1 SRS. ESSAY PLAN: – NAME yourself (you are the knight) – STATE who your LORD is and your allegiance to him – DESCRIBE WHAT YOUR ROLE is in the CASTLE & HOW you defend it – NAME & DESCRIBE WHERE the LORD & HIS FAMILY LIVES (KEEP) – DESCRIBE 3 DEFENSIVE FEATURES OF the castle – DESCRIBE the 3 STAGES of becoming a medieval knight â⠂¬â€œ DESCRIBE the tournaments & jousts that you regularly participate in DESCRIBE your belief in the ‘Code of CHIVALRY’ N. B. *** B – A supporter of a named revolutionary leader (USA, France, Ireland), 1770-1803. Do not award marks for naming the revolutionary leader. In the case of George Washington, treat all material prior to the First Continental Congress as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. In the case of Robespierre, treat all material prior to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. In the case of Wolfe Tone, treat all material prior to the founding of the United Irishmen as ‘background, i. e. 1 SRS max.In the case of Robert Emmet, treat all material prior to his involvement with the United Irishmen as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. ESSAY PLAN: – NAME the leader who you are supporting – NAME the country & time period (1765 – 1783) – STATE YOUR REA SONS for supporting the revolutionary leader i. e. taxes/ interference from colonial power etc. – NAME the reasons why a revolution is taking place – NAME & DESCRIBE AT LEAST TWO incidents where conflict has occurred between the revolutionaries & the colonial power – DESCRIBE how the RULING POWER is reacting to THIS REVOLUTIONARY & Revolution NAME & DESCRIBE any documents or beliefs expressed by this revolutionary leader or revolutionary group – STATE what the revolutionary leader is aiming for i. e. a coming decisive battle B – A named revolutionary leader (USA, France or Ireland) No marks for the revolutionary leader’s name. – If the material clearly relates to a particular revolutionary leader without the person being named, mark on its merits. – In the case of George Washington, treat all material prior to the First Continental Congress as background, i. e. 1 SRS. In the case of Robespierre, treat all material prior to the outbreak of Revolution in1789 as background. – In the case of Wolfe Tone, treat all material prior to the founding of the United Irishmen in 1791 as background. – In the case of Robert Emmet, treat all material prior to his involvement with the United Irishmen as background. ESAY PLAN: SAME AS ABOVE EXCEPT FROM the REVOLUTIONARY LEADER’S POINT OF VIEW B – A factory/mine owner during the Industrial Revolution in Britain, c. 1850. – If the answer is exclusively from the perspective of the factory worker, Max CM = 8 Max OM =0.ESSAY PLAN: (*** YOU are the factory owner) – NAME the factory/ mine owner – STATE what type of factory/ mine you own – NAME the part of England your factory is in – DESCRIBE what your factory produces and where you sell/ exports your goods – NAME & DESCRIBE how and where you get your raw materials i. e. coal, water-power etc. – NAME the inventions that you use in your factory – DE SCRIBE how you transport your raw materials INTO your factory and how you transport your goods OUT of your factory – DESCRIBE the workers who work in your factory, what hours they work, their working conditions and pay. DESCRIBE the living conditions of your workers and HOW you have attempted to make their lives better – STATE what hobbies or leisure activities you like i. e. gambling, betting on bare-knuckle fights etc. A factory/ mine worker during the Industrial Revolution (As above EXCEPT from the WORKER’S PERSPECTIVE) B – A named leader in Irish independence struggle, 1916-1923. – No marks for the leader’s name. – Background material i. e. pre-1916 = 1 SRS; Post-1923 material = 1 SRS. ESSAY PLAN: – STATE where and when the leader was born – STATE the background of the leader i. e. education/ work etc. NAME the organisation that the leader joined and WHEN – NAME other people who the leader was associated with – STATE the political beliefs of this leader – STATE & DESCRIBE what role the leader played in the Irish Independence struggle e. g. Minister for Finance in the 1st Dail N. B. ** – STATE whether or not this leader was part of the Sinn Fein delegation to London for the Anglo-Irish Treaty Negotiations of 1921 – STATE whether this leader was PRO-TREATY or ANTI-TREATY in 1922/ 1923 – GIVE THEIR REASONS for being PRO-TREATY or ANTI-TREATY – DESCRIBE the rest of the leader’s careerSection 5 Long Document Question (30 marks) – Famine, Emigration & De-population in 19th Century Ireland (2004) – Exploration, Vespucci & Impacts on Indigenous Populations (2005) – Famine, Emigration & De-Population in 19th Century Ireland (2006) – Reformation, Papal Bull & Counter-Reformation (2007) – French & Irish Revolutions in 18th Century (2008) – Plantations in 17th Century Ireland (2009) – Exploration, Spani sh & Portuguese (2010) – Rural Ireland & Industrial England in the 19th Century (2011) Structure of Question: Part A – Answers derived from 1st Source. USE QUOTATIONS & EVIDENCE from Source (8-10 marks)Part B – Answers derived from 2nd/ 3rd Sources USE QUOTATIONS & EVIDENCE from Source or Contextual/ Background Information require on topic (8 – 10 marks) Part C – Answer ONE from 3 Options Contextual/ Background Information required on topic (10 – 12 marks) Part C: Usually requires a short paragraph answer worth 10 or 12 marks. It is important that you write at length on whatever topic you are asked e. g. ‘Problems faced by Irish Immigrants abroad’ or the ‘Counter-Reformation in Europe’.Ensure that you have at least 5 – 6 clear points of information on each of the following topics: (next page) (Check the relevant webpages on the History site under Junior Certificate History for examples of these) Part C Exampl es: †¢ Counter-Reformation †¢ Consequences of the Reformation for Ireland †¢ Urbanisation, Health, Lifestyle & Pastimes of Industrial England †¢ Impact of Famine & Problems faced by Immigrants abroad †¢ Conflict between European Powers as a consequence of Exploration †¢ Impacts on indigenous Populations by Explorations †¢ Religious, Political & Cultural Impacts of Plantations in Ireland Brehon Law, Language & Customs †¢ Causes & Impacts of French, American & Irish Rebellions/ Revolutions †¢ Reign of Terror Section 6 (60 marks) Do two options from (A), (B), (C) and (D). (2 x 30 marks) Political Developments in 20th Century Ireland Question divided into 2 or 3 parts: short questions followed by 10 or 12 mark questions. The ten mark questions to be prepared are as follows: – 1) Home Rule Crisis 1912 – 1914 2) 1916 Rising 3) 1918 General Election 4) War of Independence 1919 – 1921 5) Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921 (& split in Si nn Fein) 6) Irish Civil War 1922 – 1923 7) Cumann na Gaedheal Government 1923 – 1932 ) DeValera & ‘Dismantling the Treaty’ 1932 – 1938 9) The ‘Emergency (neutrality) 1939 – 1945 10) The 1st Inter-Party Government 1948 – 1951 11) 1950’s Ireland 12) Sean Lemass & 1960’s Ireland (1st Programme for Economic Expansion) – Also Northern Ireland 1) N. Ireland during WWII 2) Civil Right Movement in late 1960’s 3) The ‘Troubles’ For key terms and short questions, check the webpage ‘Political Developments in 20th Century Ireland’ on the History website under Junior Cert. History International Relations in the 20th Century Question divided into 2 or 3 parts: short questions followed by 10 or 12 mark questions.Ten mark questions to be prepared are as follows: 1) Lenin & Russian Revolution 1917 2) Treaty of Versailles 1919 3) Mussolini’s Italy 4) Nazi Rise to Power 1927 – 1933 5) Nazi Germany 1933 – 1939 (Totalitarianism & Propaganda) 6) Hitler’s Foreign Policy 1933 – 1939 7) World War II 8) The Cold War: a) Berlin Blockade b) Korean War c) Cuban Missile Crisis For key terms and short questions, check the webpage ‘International Relations in the 20th Century’ on the website under Junior Cert. History ———————– Reformation Rural Ireland, Famine & Industrial England in 19th Century Age of Exploration Plantations Age of Revolutions

The Engineers Thumb Essays

The Engineers Thumb Essays The Engineers Thumb Paper The Engineers Thumb Paper The setting for The Engineers Thumb is also a secluded house in the dead of night. Again this helps add to the tense atmosphere, as the night is thought to heighten emotions. During the night it is harder to see, and many perceive this as potentially dangerous. Colonel Lysander Stark specifically requests that Hatherly come in the middle of the night so that he was not seen. Along with the fact that they did not want their money scam to be discovered by an engineer coming to the house, this would also be the ideal time for them to commit a murder if need be as, just like in The Speckled Band, nobody would be around to help the victim or hear the crime come to pass. The fact that when they walk into the house it is pitch black makes us feel tense, as the colonel could do anything he pleased to the young engineer at this point. The hysterical woman that tries to help the engineer before his ordeal even starts, puts us the reader on edge, as she would not be in the frightful state that she is in, if she did not fear something terrible. Consequently we fear something terrible is going to happen, hence suspense is created. In both stories the major and most dramatic moments occur during the night, in remote locations. Personally I felt that the description of the setting and atmosphere was more intense in The Speckled Band, especially when Helen Stoner was describing her sisters death. There are also other aspects, which I felt added to the suspense through creating setting and atmosphere. Throughout both stories when tension is at its utmost, Conan Doyle employs other effective uses of language and techniques. One that I noticed he used particularly frequently when tensions were high, was alliteration. I sprang from my bed, wrapped a shawl round me, and rushed into the corridor. Conan Doyle used this technique at almost every period when tension was high. A further example of this from The Engineers Thumb, is when the young woman attempts to warn the engineer of the dangers he is about to face. She held up one shaking finger to warn me to be silent, and she shot a few words of broken English at me. Throughout both stories Doyle uses a great deal of alliteration and in my opinion it is one of the most effective literary techniques to heighten tension and suspense. As the reader, it really puts you on edge, as the words sound sharper and more intense. The language Watson uses to describe the state and physical appearance of Helen Stoner helps to create mystery and suspense. She is fairly young, however the description we are given of her, suggests she has been through some terrible ordeal. Her face was all drawn and gray, with restless, frightened eyes. This description adds suspense to the story as we are concerned for her and are anxious to find out what has troubled this young woman so terribly. Doyle also uses a simile in which he compares her to, some hunted animal. Helen Stoners physical description reflects her emotional state. From her appearance Watson and Holmes could clearly see that she was in a pitiable state of agitation. She acts in a melodramatic manner, which I personally felt was too over-the-top. Dr Roylotts character is one that verges on mania. We are aware almost from the beginning that Roylott is the villain. His physical description again mirrors his emotional state. The portrayal that Watson relays to the reader when Roylott visits them is vivid. He is described as a huge man dressed in the peculiar mixture of professional and agricultural clothes. This is a strange combination, however Roylott is a very atypical man. We are told that he is marked with every evil passion and this alone is a particularly large clue as to the fact that he is clearly the villain. Previously we have learnt that Roylott beat his native butler to death so he is obviously a very volatile man. This kind of remark adds to the sense of suspense, as we know that a young woman has to live alone with this man who is uncontrollable in his anger. He is a doctor and intelligent man, but the Victorians see him as the villain and quite possibly blame his mania on his long stay in the tropics. Indians are bound to lead him into bad habits. He has become a recluse and therefore a social outcast. This makes him, therefore, the perfect person to play a villain in a Victorian short story. Victor Hatherly is the victim in The Engineers Thumb. This is obvious from his horrific injury and the fact that he is not quite stable. When he meets Watson he breaks out into an hysterical outburst which, according to Holmes, comes when some great crisis is over. This comment creates a sense of mystery as we want to know what has happened to this man, and also suspense as it must have been something terrible to get him into the state he is in. He is young, lives completely alone and is fairly new to owning his own business. Therefore he could be seen as vulnerable. Obviously the colonel adopted this attitude as he deceived him, and managed to get the young man to work for him even though the conditions he was offered were very suspicious. The character of the Colonel Lysander Stark is an obvious choice for that of the villain. As is already apparent, villains in Victorian stories were played by social outcasts, people who were not from within our own society. One is at once reminded of a stereotypical colonel, a cruel harsh person with militaristic cruelty at heart. He is depicted as a model villain. He has a German accent, which was, and still is, a very common nationality for stereotypical villains of stories such as this. The engineer describes him as a man rather over middle size just like Roylott. Conan Doyle creates stereotypical characters. The people who visit Sherlock Holmes are always clearly the victims of crime. This can be determined by the melodramatic manner with which they act and from the vivid descriptions of the way they look. Both Helen Stoner and Victor Hatherly could be perceived as vulnerable people, as Helen is a young woman living with a daunting stepfather, and Victor is a young man with not a lot of experience living alone. The melodramatic manner with which they act is epitomized well here. Helen Stoner, in The Speckled Band explains that it is not cold which makes her shiver, but fear, Mr Holmes it is terror. Similarly when Victor Hatherly in The Engineers Thumb first convenes with Watson he breaks into a hysterical outburst. Conan Doyle exaggerates physical characteristics to heighten the sense of battle between good and evil, as is typical of Victorian short stories. Conan Doyle also uses the characters physical appearance to emphasise their emotional state. Helen Stoners hair has gone prematurely grey, and Conan Doyle compares her restless, frightened eyes, to some hunted animal. This simile adds suspense as we are reminded that Roylott is trying to kill her. Personally, I thought this aspect of the story was a little predictable, however I felt that this was maybe a good thing as it meant the readers had something to go on when trying to deduct their own conclusions from the story. Similarly, the villains are clear from the outset and obvious outsiders. In both stories they are large men who do not seem to be vulnerable in anyway. Again the emotional state is emphasised by their appearance, but I felt this was more so The Speckled band. In The Speckled Band we learn a great deal about Dr Roylott from Helen Stoner, and then he visits Holmes and Watson. It is very clear that he is of a volatile nature, and has an uncontrollable temper. However in The Engineers Thumb the colonel is a bit of an unknown quantity. All we really learn about him is that he is tall and of an exceeding thinness. Obviously we are aware that he has something to hide, as he is very suspicious and questioning. During Helen Stoners account in The Speckled Band she tells Holmes that on the nights leading up to her sisters death Julia, her sister, heard a whistling sound at about three in the morning, and on the night of her death she too heard it followed by some metallic sound. This sort of detail helps build up a sense of mystery and encourages the reader to read on, because it is obvious that we are being given clues. We want to know what happened to this poor girl, but we also want to be the one who discovers the cause of her death. There are various other details that also build up the mystery in Helens account such as the fact that Julia had locked her door but when Helen heard her scream and went to help the door was unlocked. Although this detail creates a deeper sense of mystery it also acts as a small decoy as to the actual cause of Julias death. The fact that as Julia is dying she stabs her finger towards Roylotts room and screams Oh my God! Helen! It was the band! The Speckled band! This more than anything creates mystery, as we all want to know what this speckled band is and how it could possibly have played a part in this womans death. When Holmes visits Stoke Moran in The Speckled Band to find some clues that will help with the investigation of this murder, he makes some strange observations. In my opinion these observations add to the suspense the reader feels. The first of these is that Helen seems to have had to move rooms for no apparent reason. Although Roylott tells her it is because repair work is being done, there does not appear to be anything to repair and there are no workmen around. In Julias former room Holmes discovers that the modern looking bell pull, which already appears to be out of place amongst the other more antique furniture, is actually fake. Secondly he notices that these is a ventilator that provides a connection between Dr Roylotts room and the room Helen is now sleeping in, the murder scene. Holmes appears to be perplexed as he rightly says, what a fool a builder must be to open a ventilator into another room, when, with the same trouble he might have communicated with the outside air. The fake bell pull was connected to a hook just above the ventilator and the tassel at the end of the rope lay on top of the pillow on Julias old, Helens new bed. A further abnormal characteristic about the room was the fact that the bed was clamped to the floor and therefore always remained in that same position and was always in the same place in relation to the bell pull and ventilator. Then when the company of Helen Holmes and Watson move into Roylotts room Holmes makes some further interesting observations. There is a small saucer of milk in the room on, even though the only cat Roylott owns is a cheetah. Holmes also expresses an interest in a locked safe, a dog lash that was peculiarly tied and a chair. All these elements add suspense, as we are aware from these observations that her death was definitely deliberate. Suspense is created as we want to know why and how, we are also becoming aware at this point that Holmes has solved the mystery, and as the reader we want to do the same. The story of The Speckled Band is told through a variety of different people. Watson is the narrator, and is used by Doyle to relay all the information Holmes discovers to the reader. However there is a large portion where Helen Stoner is the storyteller. In The Engineers Thumb Watson keeps his role as the narrator, but the bulk of the story is the engineer explaining his ordeal. Both stories are similar in this way with the victims of crime telling a large bulk of the story through explaining to Holmes and Watson. Personally I found it quite unusual to read a complex story with so much speech. At the end of The Speckled Band Holmes and Watson enter Stoke Moran. Their journey across the grounds was full of trepidation as they were reminded, by the sight or Dr Roylotts baboon, of the cheetah that was also roaming at liberty. When they finally found themselves in the room Helen was supposed to be sleeping in they sat silently wide-awake, as the slightest sound could jeopardise the whole plan, and falling asleep could endanger their lives. This point in the story is riddled with suspense as both Holmes and Watson sit in a state of nervous tension. As the reader, we anticipate the intense excitement that is to ensue. The climax of the story occurs when Dr Roylott once again tries to murder his stepdaughter by standing on a chair and putting the poisonous snake through the ventilator so that it could crawl down the bell rope and bite Helen Stoner. However unknown to Dr Roylott, Watson and Holmes, who were anticipating this attack, are waiting. As the snake slithers down the bell-pull, Holmes launches his assault as he lashed furiously with his cane at the bell-pull. All this action that is taking place, unbeknown to Dr Roylott, is actually to culminate in his death, as the snake escapes from the fury of Holmes and returns to bite its master. There is clearly a moral to this story, as Roylott eventually gets his comeuppance. This is typical of the Victorian morality as good always overcomes evil. As Holmes puts it, Violence does, in truth, recoil upon the violent, and the schemer falls into the pit which he digs for another. Roylott was a murderer and therefore, in respect of Victorian morality, must die. Holmes states In this way, I am no doubt indirectly responsible for Dr Grimesby Roylotts death, and I cannot say that it is likely to weigh very heavily upon my conscience. In the The Engineers Thumb the ending is very different, as the facts evolve throughout the story. At the end of the Engineers narrative the Engineer finds out about the colonels money making scam. The colonel reacts badly to this and tries to kill him by locking him in the room where they press the money. The colonel then wickedly turns on the machine in an attempt to kill the young engineer, as we later find out he did to the previous engineer. Thankfully the engineer finds another door and escapes. Personally, I find this twist in the tale rather disappointing, as I think it is a rather easy way out for the author. The hysterical woman tries to help him to escape by taking him to a room and assisting him in climbing out of the window. However the colonel tries to prevent his escape by trying to chop him to pieces with an axe. The engineer was quick enough to narrowly escape death but not quick enough to escape with his thumb. As he becomes aware of his gruesome injury, he faints in the bushes and wakes up by the railway station, to his surprise, as he was under the impression that he was twelve miles away and the colonel was trying to kill him. Once he had finished his narrative, Holmes, Watson, the engineer and two police officers from Scotland Yard, went to try to locate the scene of the crime and the criminals involved. Holmes uses his deductive skills in concluding that, as the horse, which took the engineer to the colonels house, was fresh, it cant have travelled twelve miles previously. Therefore he immediately locates the house, much to the astonishment of his companions. However the house is on fire as the lamp, which the engineer used to examine the machine, was not put out. Unfortunately the occupants had already left, taking their fake money with them, but their machine was destroyed. Again there is clearly a moral to this story, i. e. that it is unacceptable to meddle in affairs, which you may suspect to be immoral or illegal. Holmes told the engineer that he had gained experience and he also had a certain degree of revenge on the criminals, as it was most probably his oil lamp that destroyed their house and money-laundering machine. Throughout both stories Arthur Conan Doyle creates mystery and suspense with a use of various techniques. He uses language to create character and atmosphere. Doyle uses a combination of melodrama, vivid descriptions of atmosphere, setting and character along with language and various literary devices to build up a sense of mystery and suspense in both short stories. In conclusion, with his Holmes stories, Doyle did two things: he established the conventions of the detective story genre, and he achieved enormous popularity because the world and action of the stories reflected the values of their late Victorian audience. In each story good overcomes evil and this is vital for a popular short story in the Victorian era, as this reflected Victorian morality. At the time Sherlock Holmes was introduced society was confident in its industrial and imperial force, valuing science and rationality. Everyone was conscious of a relentless improvement in all aspects of life stemming from the power and prosperity society was experiencing. Whatever problems threatened their society, including crime, could be solved by rational means. Holmes demonstrated this, and readers responded with a love for the character. This link, between the values of a society and the methods and values of its crime solvers, has endured in crime fiction ever since.